NYMl'IIALIXAK: IJRENTIIIS r.KLLOXA. 615 



such northern localities as Hanowell (Miss Wadsworth) and Orono, Me. 

 (Fernakl) , and was noted at Xorway in tlic same state (Smitli) on tlic 18th. 

 Fresh s])eeiniens continue to emerge from the ehrvsalis throu<i"hout the 

 whole of flinie, and may still be found on the wing- until August, for the 

 butterfly is more than ordinarily long-lived. The eggs are never laid, so 

 far as I have been able to discover, before the middle of June or more than 

 a month after the first appearance of the butterflies. I have no memoranda 

 of the duration of the egg stage of this brood, nor of the length of time it 

 recjuires at this season of the year for the insect to attain maturity, nor as 

 to whether any of the caterpillars when partly grown exhibit any lethargic 

 tendency, as appears at a later period of life in this and in other species. 

 The second brood of butterflies begins to emerge about the middle of July, 

 sometimes as early as the lUth and 12th, even in such northern localities 

 as Plymouth, N. H., and even occasionally as early as the 3d about Bos- 

 ton, the males a little earlier than the females and throughout the earlier 

 part of the flight of this brood more abundant than the females. The 

 eggs of this brood are sometimes fully matured in the female shortly after 

 eclosion (though in other cases they are not), and accordingly may be 

 laid as early as the middle of July in Boston latitudes, and durinir the last 

 of July and early August farther to the north. The butterflies of the 

 new brood become abundant toward the end of the month and like those 

 of the earliest brood are long-lived, continuing on the wing until the early 

 part of September, and lay their eggs throughout August. The eggs 

 hatcli in from five to nine days. The caterpillars ordinarily require about 

 a month for full growth in the vicinity of Boston. Some raised in con- 

 finement at this season were 34 days from egg to chrysalis. The chrysa- 

 lis hangs for seven days, and early in September or even in the last days 

 of August, the third brood of butterflies makes its appearance. But a 

 considerable number of the caterpillars of this second brood become lethar- 

 gic when half grown, after the second or third moult, remain quiescent, 

 curled up in out of the way places in leaves or under twigs, and in this 

 state a portion of them continue throughout the winter and probably pro- 

 duce the earliest buttei*flies that are seen in the spring. Others, however, 

 after remaining two or three weeks in this condition, revive again, and 

 change into butterflies late in the same season toward the middle of Sep- 

 tember. The third brood of butterflies makes its appearance as stated, 

 early in September, and the butterflies of this brood, as I have observed in 

 recent years, are frequently ready to lay their eggs soon after birth, the 

 earliest being laid during the last Aveek in August or the first week in 

 September (Mr. Edwards obtained eggs the 23d of August in the Cats- 

 kills), while the latest butterflies from retarded caterpillars do not lay 

 their eggs until toward the end of September. The eggs hatch in about 

 eight days and the caterpillars born of these two series of butterflies, those 



