624 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Chrysalis. Yieweil from above the prothorax and head scarcely taper ; theocellar 

 promiuences, scarcely projecting either laterally or anteriorly, leave the front border 

 of the head only slightly concave; viewed laterally the upper and low^er surfaces of 

 the head form a right angle with each other, the angle scarcely rounded, forming a 

 transverse ridge connecting the tips of the two ocellar prominences ; above the apex of 

 each prominence is the starting point of a right angled, somewhat roimded ridge, 

 running baclvward and a little iuAvard. Head and whole of thorax having a common, 

 pretty Avell arched curve, highest in the middle of the posterior two-thirds of the 

 mesonotum, where its prominence is marlved by a minute tubercle, and in front of this 

 slightly depressed as far as the middle of the mesonotum. Whole front to the wing 

 tips straight, excepting a slight prominence at the base of the ocellar prominences; 

 basal wing tubercle but slightly prominent, pyramidal, triqueti-al, the upper angle 

 extending as a rather low, equal ridge to the laterodorsal tubercle of mesonotum, 

 where it terminates suddenly. Supernumerary tubercle about as prominent as the 

 previous and separated from it by only a little cui've. Mesonotum with a pair of 

 small, conical, laterodorsal tubercles in the middle of the segment. Abdomeu pretty 

 well arched longitudinally, the uniformity broken a little in advauce of the middle of 

 the fourth segment, where there is a transverse, considerably elevated ridge, its edge 

 bluntly rounded, extending across the whole segment, passing toward the anterior part 

 of the segment below the laterodorsal line and including the tubercles in its course. 

 Abdomen furnished with a dorsal series of very small, conical warts on the anterior 

 part q^ tlie third to seventh segments, that of the fourth mounted on the summit of 

 the transverse ridge; a laterodorsal series of similar warts, sometimes very small, on 

 the first to seventh segments and also on the metathoi'ax, those of the fourtli also 

 mounted on the transverse ridge; and on the same ridge a pair of suprastigmatal 

 warts. Preanal Initton bounded by very distant, low, ciirving, very broad Avails whose 

 outer surface is deeply striate in lines radiating from the base of the cremaster ; ante- 

 riorly each terminates in a minute, nearly spherical tubercle ; cremaster on a dorsal 

 aspect very broad and short, broader than long; the basal half equal, the apical half 

 suddenly narrowing and rounded, the surface nearly flat though corrugated; on a 

 side view equal, but rather sinuous, scarcely longer than broad, the apical field of anal 

 hooklets nearly circular. Hooklets short, rather slender, the stem straight or 

 nearly so, the crook but little enlarged, bent roundly at right angles, the pointed apex 

 minute. 



This is an American genus distributed over the greater portion of botli 

 continents but most largely developed within the tropics. In North 

 America it reaches to the annual isotherm of 35° and in South America 

 to the 30th parallel. In the northern continent it extends from ocean to 

 ocean, but in the southern has not been reported west of the Andes. Sev- 

 eral species occur in eastern North America ; one of these is common 

 throughout New England, and a second has been found on its southern 

 and western confines, and once within its limits. 



The butterflies are of small size with a fulvous ground-color above, 

 heavily marked with black, wavy, transverse lines which often merge into 

 each other, especially on the basal half and the marginal border of the 

 wings ; this border is preceded on the hind wings by a series of blackish 

 dots. Beneath, the fore wings are usually orange fulvous and the hind 

 wings of some brownish yellow tint, both marked with irregular blotches 

 of brown or l)lack, and traversed by delicate, curving, transverse streaks ; 

 the hind w'ings and sometimes the fore wings have a submarginal series of 



