660 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND 



scales. The outer border of the wing is broadly margined with black, varying in 

 width in diflerent individuals from half an interspace, where its inner limit is a wavy 

 line, to fully |an interspace, where the limit is a straight line, the latter more com- 

 mon; frequently it is narrowest in the lower subcostal and subcosto-median inter- 

 spaces ; on the costal border, the black outer margin extends toward the base, filling 

 the costo-subcostal and sometimes the upper half of the upper subcostal interspace 

 nearly as far as the basal black field, its interior limit continued as a narrow, arcuate, 

 or broader, ill-defined band, parallel to the outer border, reaching the submediau 

 nervure in the middle of its outer half, beyond which the fulvous tints are apt 

 to be deeper than they are within it, especially in the female; scarcely separated 

 from the black edging of the outer border is an arcuate series of six roundish black 

 spots, sometimes, especially the slightly larger ones of the median interspace, enclosing 

 yellowish white pupils, the largest, half the width of an interspace. In the middle of 

 the black edging of the outer border is often seen a nearly obsolete series of faint, 

 linear, pale yellow lunules, fulvous in the medio-submedian interspace, seldom appear- 

 ing in the upper half of the wing ; fringe white or yellowish white, interrupted broadly 

 but not abruptly with black at the nervure tips. 



Beneath: Fore icings very faint, pale yellowish orange, the mesial demi-band de- 

 pending from the costal border reappearing beneath in blackish brown ; an irregular 

 annular subreuiform spot crosses the middle of the outer two-thirds of the cell and 

 the extremity of the same is marked by an obpyriform annular spot whose interior 

 half follows the apical nervules ; faint dusky indications of the transverse patch seated 

 on the middle of the inner liorder appear beneath, and the outer border is margined as 

 broadly Avith blackish brown ; the markings connected with the border are repeated 

 beneath and, in addition, the round, pale spots on the upper half of the wing are 

 narrowly encircled with black ; the margin has a narrow edging (about one-quarter 

 the width of an interspace) of orange, itself delicately edged on both sides with black 

 and followed interiorly by a series of dull silvery lunules, as wide as the interspaces, 

 pretty large in the two subcostal interspaces at the apex of the wing and in the upper 

 median interspace; elsewhere nearly linear and occasionally absent, especially in the 

 lower subcostal and subcosto-median interspaces ; fringe as on the upper surface. 

 Hind wings pale buff, occasionally with a slight greenish tinge, the veins chocolate 

 brown ; at the extreme base of the costal border a dull, silvery spot edged externally 

 with chocolate brown; beyond this is a transverse series of large, dull, silvery spots, 

 each edged externally and internally with chocolate brown ; the first is in the costo- 

 marginal interspace; the next directly beneath it in the costo-subcostal, distant from 

 the base of the interspace by half its own width ; this by another irregular spot which 

 occupies nearly the whole of the cell, excepting the extreme base and encloses, or is 

 divided in two by, a large double, sometimes confluent, buff spot, seated on the first 

 divarication of the median nervure and nearly crossing the cell ; beneath the same 

 divarication, is another roundish spot in the medio-submedian interspace; sometimes 

 a small spot occurs beside and a little beyond it, in the succeeding interspace; beyond 

 this series the wing is traversed, especially on the upper half, by transverse, irregu- 

 lar, partially blended, ill-defined, chocolate brown stripes, the outer limit of which 

 passes from about the middle of the costal border to a little beyond the middle of the 

 submediau nervure, crossing the upper median interspace only a little beyond its base; 

 a distinct arcuate line of deeply curving, continuous, linear, chocolate brown lunules, 

 opening inwards, crosses the Aving subparallel to the outer margin at three-fifths the 

 distance from the base ; the very broad, chocolate brown bordering of the outer margin 

 having a scarcely waved interior outline is separated from this by less than the width 

 of an interspace, but it is sometimes entirely wanting above the middle of the lower 

 subcostal interspace or below the submediau nervure ; sometimes the interior border 

 only is indicated and usually the interspaces in the area referred to are devoid of dusky 

 scales beyond the interior ill-defined margin of the outer bordering; at a little less 

 than two interspaces' distance from the outer border, a slightly sinuous series of six 

 large, white-pupilled, blackish spots, the lower sometimes double and approaching 



