692 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



fii'st divarication of the subcostal. Next tlie outer border, and only separated from it 

 by a thread of black, is a series of eight very large orange spots in their interspaces, 

 their interior edges rounded ofl' or subangular, as broad as long, separated from each 

 other distinctly by the black-edged nervules, the upper three less distinctly than the 

 others and occasionally almost entirely coalescent ; these spots are narrowly bordered 

 interiorly with black, and followed by a curving row, pax'allel to the outer border, of 

 straw yellow, medium sized lunules, separated from each other by about their own 

 length, occurring in all the interspaces above the submedian, sometimes absent from 

 the costo-subcostal interspace, generally divided in the medio-submedian, those in the 

 lower subcostal and three lower interspaces more lunulate than the others ; this series 

 is followed by a bent row of roundish or ovate similarly colored spots in the same in- 

 terspaces, crossing the middle of the outer half of the wing, that in the upper median 

 interspace occurring in its centre ; the spots are usually about two-fifths the Avidth of 

 the interspace they are in ; the series is bent at the subcosto-median interspace, and 

 the spots in the upper half are a little elongated in the direction of the interspaces ; 

 fringe black, interrupted rather broadly but not abruptly with white on its outer half 

 in the interspaces. 



Beneath, the colors are a little brighter than above and in general the markings are the 

 same. In the /ore icings the submarginal series of orange spots becomes in each wing 

 developed into a pretty broad band, fully as broad as the width of an interspace and 

 broken by the distinct but slender blackish veins ; a line of black separates the band from 

 the outer border and it is margined within by a strongly crenate line, which separates it 

 from the outer row of pale straw yellow spots, which here take on a strongly crescen- 

 tic form, especially in the $, opening outward; the other yellow and orange spots 

 are much as on the upper surface, only generally more distant, less frequently obso- 

 lescent on lower half of wing, and better developed and in general, and especially 

 in the $ , more quadrate ; the orange spot of the middle of the cell is not in- 

 frequently accompanied by a satellite just below the median nervure, next its inner 

 lower angle ; fringe as above. In the hind luings the submarginal series of orange 

 spots resembles that of the fore wings except that the inner black margin is still 

 more strongly crenate, often, and especially in the middle half of the wing, approach- 

 ing close to the outer border ; the yellow spots of the outer row are much larger than 

 above, only separated from the orange spots by the black bordering of the latter 

 and very strongly crescentic, more so than on the fore wings ; this row is followed by 

 another series of yellow spots, the nearly exact counterparts of those of the upper 

 surface; but within these, instead of being uniformly dark, there are further series of 

 spots : in the first place there is a double series of not very large subquadrate, fre- 

 quently slightlj'^ curving, yellow spots, parallel to the row just described, one in each 

 of the interspaces ; that of the inner row which occurs in the upper median interspace 

 occupies nearly its extreme base, and that of the outer roAv in same interspace lies 

 midway between it and the row beyond ; a little distance within this inner series is an 

 irregular, transverse, orange band, varying considerably in breadth, but usually about 

 as broad as the submarginal band of same color, its inner margin generally just occu- 

 pying the outer edge of the cell ; it is frequently interrupted at the principal nervures 

 and is made up first of a quadrate, slightly curving spot, its inner lower angle pro- 

 duced inward along the subcostal nervule, crossing the costo-subcostal interspace just 

 above the first divarication of the subcostal ; second, of a bent curving band, the upper 

 half of which follows the upper outer extremity of the cell as far as the median ner- 

 vure and then, not infrequently broken or diminished in size, bends at nearly right 

 angles and tends directly toward the inner margin of the wing, but stops at the snbme- 

 dian ; in the middle of the upper two-thirds of the cell is an orange spot of variable size 

 and shape, not infrequently merged into the intra-mesial band, but generally separated 

 by a black line; there is a similar, but generally larger and more or less roundish spot 

 extending from the costal nervure to the costal margin and including the precostal ner- 

 vure in its inner two-thirds; and a third, often divided by the submedian, situated 

 between the median and internal, just before the middle of the cell , at opposite ends of 



