EUPLOEINAE: THE GENUS ANOSIA. 709 



reduced to three sliallow, parallel, longitiuliiial grooves, and in front and outside of 

 them a smooth, equal, I'ounded tubercle half as high again as broad; free portion of 

 the cremaster long and slender, comparatively broad and appressed at base, tapering a 

 little to a cylindrical stem, broadening again near the apex for the support of the 

 hooklets, more than twice as long as the broadest part of the base, at base smooth, 

 beyond deeply, rather narrowly, interruptedly and longitudinally grooved, above com- 

 pletely studded Avith a semiglol)ular mass of hooklets, turning in every direction; 

 liooklets long and slender, cylindrical, scarcely at all increasing in size near the base, 

 a little near the tip, curved very slightly throughout most of the stem, but near the 

 tip strongly arched in the same direction, the apex bluntly rounded or sometimes 

 bluntly conical, dii'ected backward. 



Tills genus, in the restricted sense in whicli it is liere used, is, with a 

 couple of others, confined to America, although it belongs to the Lininaidi 

 or Old World group of Euploeinae ; it is composed of not more than two 

 or three species, possibly referable to a single one, which extends over all 

 the warmer parts of North and South America and the intervening arch- 

 ipelago and is found in every part of New England. In recent times it 

 has spread widely westward. 



The butterflies, mther large in size and very striking in appearance, are 

 tawny colored, a little paler beneath, the nervures distinctly black and the 

 outer border of the wings broadly margined with black, and enclosing two 

 or three rows of numerous small white spots ; the apex of the fore wings 

 is also dusky and covered with larger white and fulvous spots, some of 

 them collected in an oblique broken patch crossing the middle of the 

 outer half of the wing. The hind wings of the males are furnished on the 

 upper surface with a little corneous blister or pouch-like opening, adjoining 

 the inner side of the middle of the lower median nervule, and opening by 

 a slit parallel to the vein but on the side away from it. It contains andro- 

 conia or scales peculiar to the male sex, Avhich, in our native species, have 

 an odor but little distinguishable from that of the ordinary scales. Miiller 

 says that the scales at the entrance of the pocket are often wanting in flown 

 specimens as if they had been scoured away by something introduced into 

 the slit. 



The species of Anosia and the allied genera are exceedinglv rich in 

 individuals, being apparently little subject to the attacks of parasitic 

 Hymenoptera and Diptera,* so far as known almost wholly undisturbed by 

 insectivorous birds, and very tenacious of life. They are very often the 

 subjects of mimicry by butterflies of entirely distinct groups. Doubleday 

 and Ilewitson speak of Tirumala limniace as found by Captain Cook in 

 such numbers in Australia that he saw "a space of three or four acres 

 covered by millions of them on the wing, and every twig and branch 

 loaded with almost equal numbers at rest.'' This same insect is stated by 



* Two species of chalcids have been reared nid fly from our native Anosia, and besides 

 from East Indian species (Distant, Rhop. this the latter, as will be seen, has its egg 

 Mai., 407, note) and a Pteronialus and tachi- parasite. 



