MIMICRY AND PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE. 7 ] 9 



tection of one species in the struggle for existence, so exact and beautiful 

 a resemblance should be brought about ! (consider for a moment that the 

 subjects of mimicry arc at the final stage of life ; they have already passed 

 through nearly all the dangers to which the species as a species is subjected : 

 so rudely subjected that they are indeed but a centesimal or even less, 

 rarely or never more, of those brought into the world with them. During 

 the early period of their life they were exposed to vastly more dangers 

 than they can now experience. At times they were absolutely helpless, 

 without the power of movement. They are now endowed with powers of 

 flight sufficient to thwart the purpose of many a foe, yet it is in just this 

 period that these special and extraordinary provisions for their safety and 

 for the accomplishment, as far as the species is concerned, of the end of 

 their life, are given them. All this has been brought about for the sole 

 purpose of prolonging their aerial life for the exceedingly few days which 

 are necessary for pairing and the deposition of eggs. The more we con- 

 template so strange and so perfect a provision, and the means by which it 

 is accomplished, the more are we impressed with the capabilities of natu- 

 ral selection, and begin to comprehend how powerful an element it has 

 been in the development of the varied world of beauty about us. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Murray, A. The disguises of nature. Edinburgh, 1859. 



Bates, H. W. Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley. Lepidoptera : Heli- 

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Wallace, A. R. On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution, as illustrated 

 by the Papilionidae of the Malayan region. 1865. (Trans. Linn. soc. Lond., xxv: 1-71, pi. 1-8.) 

 Mimicry is specially discussed on pp. 19-22. Reprinted in his Contributions to the theory of 

 natural selection, pp. 179-185. London, 1870. 



Wallace, A. R. Mimicry and other protective resemblances among animals. Westminister 

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Walsh, B. D. and Riley, C. V. Imitative butterflies. 1869. (Am. ent., i : 189-19.3.) 



Scudder, S. H. Is mimicry advantageous? 1870. (Nature, iii: 147.) 



Dietze,C. Uebereinige beispiele von nachahmung bei insecten. 1871. (Stett. ent. zeit., 

 xxxii: 279-84). 



Darwin, C. The descent of man. Vol. i, London, 1871. Contains a section on Mimicry in 

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Miillcr, F. Einige worte iiber Leptalis. 1876. (Jen. zeitschr. wiss., x: 1-12.) See also 

 Amer. nat., x: 534-546. 



Bennett, A. W. Is protective mimicry due to natural selection? 1877. (Am. nat., xi: 3-7.) 



Miiller, F. Ueber die vortheile der mimicry bei schmetterliugen. 1878. (Zool. anz., i: 54-55.) 



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Wallace, A. R. Tropical nature. London, 1878. In Chapter v, on the Colors of animals, 

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Miiller, F. Ituna and Thyridia: Eiu merliwiirdiges beispiel von mimicry bei schmetterliu- 

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 .83 (1882). 



