THE SUBFAMILY I-IRYTHEINAE. 751 



„i„<r- all have tire uiuk-rsljc cl„..<lc.l an.l striated witli similar proteetive colouration, 

 :"°i;,S , ote i„ eacl, »„ecies l,nt uniform lu stylo thronghout [tlre Sro"P]. J" a 

 ilte upnersido is l.ro»n, DeariuK 0,1 caol> .vins: some tawny or wh,, si. marks and it .s 

 bTthe'^rlations in these n,arki„gs that the .lilleront species are d,stu,sn,sl,ed. 



Tl,c peculiar Btructuro of the fore legs in this subfan.ily sq.arate it at 

 once from all other Xymjihalitlae, they being abortetl and brush-l.ke m he 

 male, as is uniformly the case in all Xynphalidae, bnt normal in the 

 female, that is slender, articulate and fully furnished «>tl, appetulages. 

 As in this respect they aeeord with the nientbers of the next subfannly 

 the English entomologists generally place them in it ; but certamly w.thou 

 reason,'^for this single peculiarity cannot outweigh the mass of structt„-al 

 features which ally it to the other Nymphalidae including the suspens.n 

 of the chrysalis and the entire structure of the broad head, winch ,s dis- 

 tinctively nvmphalidcous. The normal structure of the fore tars of the 

 female i wi.at might be looked for in a member of the ^ymphahdae most 

 nearly related to the Erycinidae ; it would in reality be more surpr.smg tf 

 the leap from the normal to the abnormal should be mi.de wthont some 

 such passage It is still more to be looked for in a group which shows 

 rfur:: liance with those below it by the general pieridiform character 

 of the larva, although even here the structure of the head, and its relation 

 to the parts behind are distinctively nymphalideous, and the segments of 

 t bo.^ are divided into four and not six subsegments. .The »«-P' f 

 a recent writer (Doherty, Jonrn. Asiatic soc Beng. v n : "O) ° P^^; 

 it directly next the Pierinae, on account of this similarity, and the sup- 

 posed resemblance of the egg to those of that group, can ,n no way be 



''^The e--8 are described by this author as ampulliform, with a short neck 

 or stalk dose to the apex ; but, as the accurate figures of our species given 

 by Mr. Edwards and reproduced on our plate show, ours are quite difier- 

 ent, so we must suppose some distortion to have been produced in those 

 (of Indian species) seen by Mr. Doherty. They were, he states, 

 ''squeezed- from the body of the parent. Those of one American speetes, 

 on the other hand, are pretty regularly elliptic, with sharply raised, promi- 

 nent longitudinal ribs, and arc thus of an entirely characteristic form. 

 Those of the European species have been described too briefly to chai- 



"° Thrmatu^ larvae differ strikingly from their nearest allies m being 

 naked or simply pilose, closely resembling the caterpd ars^ of the Piermae 

 in form, cloJhing and general aspect. The chrysalids hang by the tad 

 like all other Nymphalidae and have the general aspect of the batyrmae, 

 bein" devoid of angulatcd prominences. 



We see, therefore, that neither in the egg, the larva nor the chrysalis is 

 there theslightest indication of any special relationship with the Lemonnnae. 



