PREFACE. XI 



luable instruments, &e. furnished me by Sir Jo- 

 seph Banks, whose friendly suggestions and en- 

 couragement I am happy to acknowledge, and 

 whose kindness and liberality I shall ever re- 

 member with gratitude, I was enabled to make 

 some experiments on sub-marine temperature, 

 the result of which proved novel and interest- 

 ing. These, with some facilities kindly given 

 me by William Swainson, Esq, of Liverpool, the 

 Reverend George Young, and Mr Thomas Par- 

 kin of Whitby, and occasional obligations from 

 other friends, noticed in different parts of the 

 work, constitute, I believe, the amount of the 

 assistance which I have received in preparing the 

 materials which occupy the following pages. 



CONTENTS 



