ATP. N° I.] IIEMAKKS. (47) 



\vind between two points, and the progressive change 

 between two denominations of strength or "ybrce,"" by the 

 intervention of tlie particle to. Thus when the wind is 

 marked as having blown from east to north, it must be un- 

 derstood to have either veered from the former to the lat- 

 ter, or to have fluctuated between the two extremes ; or, in 

 most instances, to have blown from every intermediate point. 

 And th^ same application of the word to, has been used to 

 connect the winds of two contiguous days. Thus on the 

 24th of April 1807, the wind is registered " N W to E b N," 

 and on the following day, " to N ;"" that is, on the former 

 day, N. W. progressively to N. N. E., and as far as E. by N.; 

 and, on the latter, from E. b N. back again to N. On the 

 other hand, on April 11th, the wind stands E. S. E., E. N. E. 

 In this case, the change of wind from E. S. E. to E. N. E. 

 has been sudden, and not progressive, as in the cases where 

 the particle to is placed intermediately. It may also be 

 right to mention, that wliatever may be the interval be- 

 tween two points connected by the particle to, the change 

 in the wind has always been performed in the shortest way 

 round the compass. Thus April 20. 1811, the wind is 

 registered W. S. W. to N. N. E. ; that is, from W. S. W. 

 towards the W,, N. W., N. and N. N. E., and not from 

 W. S. W. to S., S. E., E. and N. N. E., because the intei-val 

 in the latter instance is above a semicircle. 



In the register for May 1818, are introduced two addi- 

 tional columns under " Thermometer ;"" showing the rela- 

 tive temperature of the air near the deck, and of the mast- 

 head, 90 feet higher, or 106 feet above the surface of the 

 water. The mean temperature by the deck thermometer, 

 is 23°.6 ; but of the mast-head thermometer, the mean is 

 20°. 3, being 3°.3 lower. As this i-eduction of temperature 

 is greater by 2°.3 than what is supposed to be the simple 

 eft'ect of elevation, it may perhaps be occasioned by the com- 

 parative warmth of the water, or the radiation of heat from 

 the ship. If the latter be the cause, the mean results of 

 the thermometric observations given in the following Ta- 

 ble, will be somewhat too high. The figures in the " mast- 

 head" column of this register, having this mark f prefix- 

 ed to them, are not actual observations, but are derived 

 from estimation, by the application of the usual difference 

 between the temperature of the mast-head and that of the 

 deck. 



In the last six years journals, the state of the Baro- 

 meter marked each day, is inclusive between the noon 



