Prevalence of Coloured Population in Peru — Cajamarquilla. 385 



in the scale of nations. As in the Hacienda of San Pedrero, 

 so throughout the country one encounters fifty coloured 

 men of all shades for one full-blooded white. In Chile, on 

 the other hand, one has to penetrate deep into the interior 

 before one finds any traces of the Indian stock, while of 

 negro population, (and this is the greatest advantage enjoyed 

 by that Republic over Peru,) there is absolutely none. In 

 the settled parts along the coast of Chile there are none but 

 whites, and even the working classes are Spaniards, Eng- 

 lish, German, Italians, and North Americans. The prepon- 

 derating white element in the population, their greater in- 

 telligence, energy, and perseverance, form the principal source 

 of that intellectual and political activity which has placed 

 Chile far in advance of the other Southern and Central- 

 American Republics, and is opening a brilliant future to that 

 State, far sm-passing that of any of the neighbouring re- 

 publics. 



From the Hacienda de San Pedrero it is half an hour's ride 

 to that of Guachipa and the Neveria of Don Pablo Sassio, 

 where we engaged a guide, who accompanied us a couple of 

 miles further to the goal of our excursion. 



Cajamarquilla is an ancient Peruvian hamlet in the valley 

 of and close to the river Rimac, which waters the whole dis- 

 trict and makes it productive. The remains of the dwellings 

 are built exclusively of sun-dried bricks, and the laying out 

 of each single apartment differs little from the mode of con- 

 structing Indian huts at the present day. It nuist to all 



VOL. III. 2 c 



