792 I'lIK liL'TTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



iviiijcs with iutonml iicrvure obscuro or obsolete ; hiiul wings witli no precostal 

 nerviire, the costal extending nearly or quite to the tip of the costal margin, the 

 basal half of tlie inner margin chaiinelled to receive the abdomen. Fore legs of ma 

 with naked tibial spurs and sometimes a few spines, the tarsi live-jointed and armed 

 like the fore legs of the female, excepting tliat paronychia and pulvillus are want- 

 ing, and, in the place of the claws, either slightly nioditied apical spines, or tlie same 

 connate, forming a triangular, slightly arcuate, median hook. Middle tibiae as sliort 

 as or sliorter tlian tlie lund pair. 



Male abdominal appendages; upper organ consisting mainly of extensive lateral 

 alations, developing difi'erently in the various groups, narrowly united at tlie base 

 mesially, but always bearing on either side beneath a long and slender, strongly bent 

 or curved, tapering, pointed arm, the extremity of which is directed eitlier backward 

 or partially upward; intromittent organ excessively long, slender, expanding at the 

 tip; clasps slender, generally tapering and much longer than liroad, usually pointed at 

 the tip and but slightly armed or wliolly unarmed. 



Egg. Echinoid or demi-echinoid in shape, much broader than liigh, the centre of 

 the summit usually depressed considerably; surface pitted, generally conspicuously, 

 with deep or shallow cells, usually bounded by rather heavy walls; micropyle often 

 seated at the bottom of a deep and narrow depression. 



Caterpillar at birth. Generally agreeing in the form of the body with the mature 

 condition, but with the contrasts of the summit and sides a little more pronounced, 

 sometimes almost or quite cylindrical. Armed at the angle formed by the flattened 

 dorsal region and the sides, with a series of papillae emitting hairs, some at least of 

 which are exceedingly long, curving backwanl and minutely spiculiferous ; also, at the 

 fold separating the sides from the expanded venter, with a series of very numerous 

 papillae bearing long, straight, laterally extending hairs; on the sides one or more 

 longitudinal rows of papillae. 



Mature caterpillar. Head small, well rounded, narrower than the narrowest part 

 of the body, smooth, more or less retractile within the first thoracic segment. Body 

 comparatively short and broad, onisciform, the under surface flattened, the upper 

 transversely arched, the dorsal field flattened and the sides often more or less com- 

 pressed; broadly rounded in front, the first thoracic segment very large and tumid, 

 more sharply rounded behind, the last abdominal segment alone being about as long as 

 broad ; otherwise nearly equal or tapering slightly posteriorly ; armed with no con- 

 spicuous appendages ; spiracle of the eighth abdominal segment almost invariably 

 above the line which the others follow. Legs and prolegs very short and small. 



Chrysalis. Body short, thick, plump, rounded, with rare exceptions* entirely with- 

 out angulations, excepting a very slight, blunt elevation at the base of the wings ; 

 broadest at about the third abdominal segment, tapering from there in either direction, 

 more rapidly behind than in front. Head entirely on the under surface, the division 

 between tliorax and abdomen only slightly marked. Both extremities very bluntly 

 rounded; the whole lower surface straight, often much flattened. Head not all 

 prominent, ocellar prominences wanting, the prothorax largely developed ; wings 

 scarcely raised above the general surface, their edges not at all thickened. Meso- 

 thorax stout, not greatly elevated, but broadly arched longitudinally ; metathorax 

 large at the sides, narrow in tlie middle. Abdomen large and stout, at first broadly 

 arclied longitudinally, in the po.sterior half the slope falling very rapidly to the tip, 

 which is on a level with the under surface. 



Cremaster appressedto the body (in Feniseca, only, forming an independent promi- 

 nence), broad, the booklets (again except in Feniseca) either wanting or placed in a 

 curving row at the sides and posteriorly, very slender, generally rather short, the stem 

 equal, the apical portion suddenly expanding into a transverse, slightly convex lamella 

 bent strongly over, the apex transverse. Attached in almost any position by a girt 

 across one of tlio basal abdominal segments and feebly secured behind by seizing the 

 silken threads with the joints of the posterior segments, or the few booklets. 



•Feniseca Is the only exception in our fauna. 



