LYCAENINAE: INCISALIA NIPIION. 833 



pine on wliicli lie found llic l:ir\:i. Messrs. Faxon and Merrill liave 

 always foinul the Initlerlly near ri'd eedars (Junipcrus) and conjecture 

 tliat the larva may live upon tiieni ; while Mr. Emery has always found 

 the butterfly upon Lupinus perennis Linn., among the scrub-pines of the 

 plains in the neighborhood of Springfield, Mass. , scarcely ever upon the pines 

 themselves. Nor is this at all an improbable food plant ; for in Sep- 

 tember, 1872, Mr. B. P. Mann received from Mr. N. C. Pcabody, 

 who collected it in Concord, Mass., a larva of this species feeding 

 in a fresh garden bean pod: ••when received, tiie larva had eaten into 

 the pod, and had eaten a bean within, and it ate more afterward." Tt 

 changed to i)U|)a in Septend)er, and the si)ecie8 has been determined by 

 me from the chrysalis, which never hatched. 



Life history. The butterfly "comes abroad in April, and the fore 

 part of Mav." writes Fitch : it docs not, however, aj)|)ear until the very last 

 of April, sometimes not until May : it becomes abundant at the end of the 

 first week of May and continues to tly throughout the month, but is sel- 

 dom seen at all in June ; apparently the females appear as soon as the 

 males, and acc(n"ding to Messrs. Lintncr and Meske are, in general, more 

 abundant than thcv. The Cijgs, which hatch certainly within a fortnight and 

 probably much sooner (ten days, Fletcher) are laid in the latter half of 

 Mav ; the larvae attain maturity toward the end of June and the first half of 

 July ; but plainly this maturing may be greatly delayed, as in the case related 

 of the bean-pod larva. The chrysalis remains unchanged imtil spring. In 

 the south, according to Abbot, the butterflies make their appearance the 

 last of March from wintering chrysalids which have lasted since early in 

 June of the preceding y-ear. 



Habits, flight, etc. Tiie butterfly may be found upon the flowers of 

 Chiajjhalium (Harris) and often on or near red cedars (Faxon, Minot). 

 Mr. Emery finds it frequently upon the flowers of lupine (Lupinus 

 perennis) ; ilr. Abbott says that in the south it frequents oak woods and 

 the borders of swamps. It may often be discovered by jarring the trunks 

 of pine trees, upon which the female alights to lay eggs. 



Mr. Fletcher found it flying about the tops of pines thirty feet from the 

 ground ; but on a subsequent day when they were battered, but still before 

 he obtained his eggs, they were found in greater abundance in a field 

 bordering the pine grove, where a great deal of the hei'bage was made up 

 of Antennaria plantaginifolia in flower. Maynard speaks of the butter- 

 flies ae frequenting sheltered woodlands, and says he has found them 

 "feeding on the sweet scented flowers of the locust, but early in spring 

 they are fond of resting in the bright sunlight in the woods." 



The flight of this butterfly resembles that of I. augustus but is slower 

 when undisturbed. At other times, as when it meets its mates, it is very 

 "quick and jerky" as Fletcher describes it. It docs not persistently keep so 



