TIIK ADORXMENT OF CATERPILLARS. 859 



The caterpillars aro rather stouter than those of Thccla and with 

 more distinct dorsal and lateral fields. They are green, marked with reddish 

 spots in a dorsal and lateral scries. They feed, so far as known, on coni- 

 ferous and endogenous plants. 



The chrysalis is slenderer than that of Theela, the ahdonien heing as 

 high as the thorax. It is of a brownish color. 



EXCURSUS XXX.— THE ADORNMENT OF CATERPILLARS. 



There is a diflurency between a grul> and 

 a butterlly ; yet your butterfly was a grub. 



Shakespeare. — Coriolanus. 



Ix this section we propose to speak of the variety and style of coloring 

 found in caterpillars without reference to the meaning or origin of their 

 mai'kings, which we shall discuss separately on a future page. The 

 colors of caterpillars are by no means so various nor the patterns so com- 

 plicated as is the case with the winged butterflies themselves. But it is 

 nevertheless true that as a general rule the different species may be sepa- 

 rated from one another with considerable certainty by their markings and 

 colors alone. With caterpillars the variety of the dermal appendages 

 goes far toward making up tlic general appearance of the creature, and 

 by their aid, combined with the colors and [)atterns, the separation of 

 species may probably in all cases be tolerably sure. But excepting in so 

 far as their tints are concerned we have here nothing to do with the appen- 

 dages attached to the body, but only to the surface of the head and body 

 themselves. 



The vast majority of butterfly caterpillars are green, though but 

 exceedingly few of them, if indeed any, are uniformly green throughout. 

 Most of them are longitudinally striped either with lighter and darker 

 shades of green or with yellow or various shades of brown. Many of 

 them have the additional adornment of points of brighter or darker colors, 

 which are almost invariably confined to the little papillae with which the 

 body is almost always studded. Such arc the vast majority of the Satyri- 

 nae, the Pierinae, the Ilesperidae and the Libytheinae. These longitudi- 

 nal stripes are by far more common than elsewhere in the middle of the 

 back, where they mark the course of the dorsal vessel, on the lower portion 

 of the sides, where they mark the allignment of the spirflcles, and midway 

 or about midway between these two ; when most variegated the stripes 

 are multiplied, especially upon the upper half of the body, and often show 

 a greater degree of intensity at the extreme anterior or extreme posterior 

 end of each segment. 



Other green caterpillars are marked with oblique stripes, which gener- 



