970 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



TRTBE CHRYSOPHANIDT. 



COPPERS. 



Papilionesrutili Wiener Verzeichniss. Lycaeninae (pars) Butler; Lycaenidae (pars) 



Civps (pars) Herbst. GuentSe. 



Villieantes Hiibner. 



Children of light, and air, and fire, they seem'd; 

 Their lives all extaey and quick cross motion. 



Montgomery.— Pelican Island. 



The fairy Ijing of flowers 

 Reigns there, and revels thro' the fragrant hours ; 

 Gem full of life, and joy. 



Samuel Rogers.— TAe Voyage of Columbus. 



Imago. Colors coppery. Club of antennae equal for most of its extent, rather 

 long and very slender, being two or three times as broad as the stalls, and from four 

 to six times longer than broad. Patagia very long and slender, usually three or four 

 times longer than broad; subcostal nervure of fore wings with three superior 

 branches, the outermost forked, the nervure itself running in a direct or nearly direct 

 course to just below the tip of the wing; tarsi armed beneath witli frequent spines, 

 usually clustered upon the sides ; fore tarsi of tlie male armed at tip with a single 

 median spine, diflering from tlie other spines only in size, and considerably curved. 

 Upper organ of male appendages formed of a deeply cleft plate, whose lateral halves 

 have the appearance of a tapering appendage, and bear at their extreme base slender, 

 elbowed laminae directed backward ; clasps subequal and at tip bluntly rounded ; in- 

 tromittent organ acicular, not apically flaring. 



Egg. Tiarate, but domed, truncate beneath but not above, the sunken portion of 

 the upper surface, together with the micropylic pit, including less than one-eighth of 

 the diameter of the egg; the pit itself generally, but not always, moderately deep ; 

 surface either simply and finely reticulate, with a scarcely raised tracery, or pitted 

 with polygonal cells, the angles of which do not rise conspicuously above the general 

 surface. 



Caterpillar at birth. Head as broad as the body. Innermost dorsal bristles ar- 

 ranged partly in a subdorsal series, one long and one short bristle to a segment in 

 each row ; inf rastigmatal series with three bristles to a segment. 



Mature caterpillar. Body scarcely narrower in proportion to its lengtli than in 

 Lycaenidi, but slightly broader than in Theclidi; segments arched somewhat; body 

 clothed uniformly with very short liairs, or with longer hairs arranged in transverse 

 series, sometimes springing from elevated bosses. 



Chrysalis. Body very variable in form (to include Feniseca), but either not form- 

 ing a single, uniformly contoured mass (Feniseca) or else a single, long, oval mass, 

 slenderer and relatively lower than in the Theclidi, and generally more elongated than 

 in the Lycaenidi; dermal appendages fungiform. 



This group contains the stoutest of the Lycaeninae, and is far less numer- 

 ous in species than the tribes already mentioned. Their heavy markings and 

 the lustrous reddish or fulvous tint of their upper surface, which has won for 

 them the popular name of "coppers," distinguish them at a glance from 

 other groups. Their hind wings rarely bear the thread-like tails peculiar 

 to many of the Lycaeninae, although in some exotic genera the anal angle 

 is sometimes considerably produced. The disposition of the markings of 

 the under surface closely resembles that in the Lycaenidi, to which they 



