LYCAENINAE: IIEODES IIYrOPIILAEAS. 1005 



several persons, apparently quoting Harris, sa}' tliat it devours also the 

 (loek (Runiex crispus L.) and other speeics of the genus. Harris, how- 

 ever, merely suggests that it may do so. 'Plie European phlaeas is also 

 said to teed both upon dock and sorrel, although reeeutly Prittwitz has 

 attirnied that it devours only the latter (Rumex acctosa). Mr. Lintncr 

 informs me that ours will feed on clover. In making its exit the cater[)illar 

 eats only the summit of the egg, where the pits are small and separated 

 by thin walls ; usually it feeds upon the under surface of a leaf and while 

 very young eats little holes of about its own size half way through ; after- 

 wards it ploughs its way through the parenchyma of either surface, making 

 straight or slightly curving grooves as wide as its own body and several 

 times longer ; when still older it devours the leaf at the edge. Just before 

 pupation, the fungiform appendages of the coming pupa appear as white 

 hemisplu rioal papillae dotting the surface of the caterpillar. 



Life history. It is double brooded in the northern, triple brooded in 

 the southern parts of its range, changing in New England at about 43° 15' 

 N. Latitude, but with some variation, or not far north of the dividing 

 line between the Canadian and AUeghanian faunas ; throughout Maine, at 

 least as far south as Brunswick, in the White Mountain region of New 

 Hampshire and probably in Williamstown, Mass., it is double brooded; 

 it is triple brooded throughout Massachusetts (excepting perhaps in parts 

 of Berkshire) including the elevated towns of Andover and Princeton, as 

 well as in Albany, N. Y. and Walpole, N. H. We may perhaps add 

 to this list Milford and Dublin, N. H., and Sudbury, Vt., although in the 

 first two localities at least the appearance of the broods is somewhat later 

 than in Massachusetts, the dates agreeing better with those Mr. Saunders 

 has furnished for Ontario, where he believes it to Ije only double 

 brooded. 



In the southern or triple brooded districts the insect makes its appear- 

 ance from May 10-23 according to the season. Dr. Harris raised one 

 specimen from chrysalis on May 1,'but this was probably under artificial 

 conditions. He, however, reports one capture as early as ]\Iarch 15 and 

 Dr. Packard another in Brunswick, Me., April 3, — both of which seem to 

 be altogether exceptional and the result of unusually warm weather acting 

 upon chrysalids in very fiivorable stations ; it becomes common in about a 

 week and continues until about the end of the third week of June. The 

 eggs are laid during June and in advanced seasons during the latter part 

 of May ; after six or seven days, or if very early, as much as ten days, 

 these are hatched ; the caterpillars become full grown during the latter 

 part of June and early in July and after about ten days spent in the chry- 

 salis evolve a new brood of butterflies. This first appears between July 

 5 and 10, becomes abundant by the 19th or 20th and continues until 

 after the middle of August, sometimes until almost the end of the 



