1034 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



antenna; pal|)i varying in stontness, longer than the eye, but never twice as long, 

 the l5asal joint usually developed to an extraordinary lengtli, the scaly clothing com- 

 pressed in a vertical plane. 



Prothoracic lobes minute, a very little tumid. Thorax not very stout, a little com- 

 presseH; middle of the front of the mesoscutellum not projecting so far between the 

 mesoscuta as in Papilioninae, much the larger portion remaining unenclosed and ex- 

 tending broadly to one side and the other; metascutellum scarcely visible from above, 

 becoming entirely vertical ; metascuta large, tumid throughout. 



Fore wing.s usually broad, often very broad (but in some, especially mimetic, species 

 narrow), the apex rounded or angled, occasionally subfalcate; usually the outer bor- 

 der is slightly rounded or straight, occasionally sliglitly excised, never crenulate. 

 Costal nervure terminating at the middle of the costal border or but little beyond it; 

 subcostal nervure usually with three superior brandies, of whicli generally liut one 

 is emitted beyond the cell and is forked at tip; but this nervure is subject to 

 extraordinary variation : sometimes there are but two branches, the terminal forked, 

 sometimes three simple ones ; . sometimes the lower fork of the outer one itself 

 divaricates, and even sometimes (e. g. Leucophasia), the first (and only) branch, 

 arising beyond the cell (which in this genus is excessively short) itself bears all 

 the oft'shoots, three in number; the simplest formula for this seems to be, that 

 the subcostal nervure gives rise to three superior branches, the outermost usually 

 branched ; by a transposition of the brandies from tlie main stem to one of the depen- 

 dancies (as sometimes luappens to a slight degree upon opposite wings of the same 

 insect) , these divergencies are reduced to a uniform type, such as is exhibited by 

 Eurymus; discoidal cell not broad, usually about lialf the length of the wing, but 

 varying greatly; median nervure with three branches, the first arising a little beyond 

 the middle of the cell; not connected at b.ase to the submedian nervure. Hind wings 

 broadly rounded, never crenulate nor strictly tailed, but occasionally angulated in the 

 lower median interspace. Costal nervure terminating near the apex on the costal 

 margin, sometimes emitting upward a short, curved branch near the base; united to 

 the subcostal nervure only , at the base; subcostal nervure united to the median nervure 

 at an equal distance beyond the second divarication of either, liy a long vein, often 

 slighter than the otliers, directed outward in passing downward*; first branch of 

 median nervure arising at the middle or some way beyond the middle of the cell ; in- 

 ternal nervure terminating beyond the middle of the inner border ; inner border not 

 plaited, but forming a distinct channel for the abdomen. 



Legs moderately long, the middle pair slightly longer than the posterior; tibiae 

 sparsely clothed with scales ; fore tibiae destitute of a foliate appendage ; tarsi fur- 

 nished above with numerous spines, irregularly disposed, below arranged in four 

 longitudinal rows; claws short, strongly curved, split to tlie middle; paronychia usu- 

 ally forming a lateral protecting lobe of large size; pulvillus pedicelled. 



Upper organ of male abdominal appendages large and well developed, the centrum 

 stout, the hook simple, tapering, curved downward. Clasps occasionally developing 

 incurved, pointed laminae on their superior and posterior borders, but seldom armed 

 with prickly prominences on the interior surface. 



Egg. Very tall and slender, tapering toward a ranch smaller, rounded summit, 

 either squarely truncate at tlie base, or tapering as ninch or nearly as much as at the 

 summit, so as to render the egg subf usiform ; provided with a variable number of 

 distinct, longitudinal ribs and crossed by frequent transverse, finer, raised lines. 



Caterpillar at birth. Head free with a descending posterior surface above. Body 

 cylindrical, armed with three rows of tnliercles on either side above the spiracles, one 

 to a segment on each, and on the abdominal segments placed alternately on the anterior 

 and posterior parts of the segment, everywhere simple and as long in the middle as at 



•In Leucophasia the first and second sub- forked l)ranch emitted from the upper angle 

 costal ncrvules are united at their base for a of the cell ; and the cell i.s closed by a vein as 

 long distance, so as to appear like a single in Papilioninae. 



