1048 Till': HUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



females of Melete and Callidryas, genera of Pierinae, have similar oi-gau8 

 in the female, possessing a peculiar odor, and the males of some species of 

 ^lorjjiiinae "are able to protrude from the end of the abdomen a pair of 

 hemispherical bodies covered with short hairs which produce a very dis- 

 tinct odor." So, again, both sexes of a species of Didonis, one of the 

 Nym])halinae, protrude from the dorsal side of the abdomen, between the 

 fourth and fifth segments, hemispherical protuberances which have a 

 rather disagreeable and strong odor ; and what is the more remarkable, in 

 addition to this, tlie male of the same sj)ccies has a second pair of similar 

 protuberances, between the fifth and sixth segments, which are white and 

 "emit an agreeable odor, com[)arable to that of heliotrope." 



With the second group, where the odors have their origin in tufts or 

 pencils of hairs, the odors at once change in general from a disagreeable 

 to a pleasant nature. In the Itliomyidi, Fritz iNIiiller found a pencil or 

 tuft of long hairs near the front margin of the hind winm of the males 

 which emits a distinct and agreeable vanilla-like odor. The same organs 

 with the same odor are occasionally found in some of the females, but the 

 organs are never so large nor the odor so strong. In Prepona, one of 

 the Nymphalinae, there is a tuft of black hairs on the hind wings of the 

 males which possesses a distinct odor. The same odor of vanilla comes, 

 according to Wood-Mason, from the scent-fans of a species of Thauman- 

 tis, a genus of Morphinae, where they are situated in various positions 

 upon the upper surface of the iiind wings near the base. Similar tufts of 

 hairs on the wings of the males of a species of Catopsilia are said by the 

 same writer to smell like jasmine : while Midler reports that in some of 

 the higher Hesperidi he perceived a very faint odor issuing from certain 

 pencils of hairs which are found on the hind til)iae of the males when they 

 were expanding, the pencil being ordinarily hidden in a furrow on the 

 ventral side of the body between the tliorax and abdomen. So, too, he 

 found in the males of a species of Melete, one of the Pierinae, al- 

 ready referred to, a pencil of hairs not retractile, protruding from the 

 ventral side of the tip of the abdomen, which emits "a rather strong 

 odor," but whether agreeable or not he does not state. In addition to 

 these, there are not a few instances known in which the statement regard- 

 ing the source of the odor is somewhat vague, a gland being referred to 

 when the only specification of such an organ is a collection of scales of 

 peculiar character. On this account and because in certain instances the 

 odor of such collections of scales is plainly due to the scales themselves 

 and not to the pouch in whicli or the surface upon which they may occur, 

 I prefer to class all these instances in the third group. 



This includes odors emitted by scales or clusters of scales. In all in- 

 stances, so far as known, these are confined to the male sex, the scales 

 themselves or the patches being similarly restricted. Thus we find a spe- 



