AROMATIC BUTTERFLIES. 1049 



cies of Antirrhea, one of tlic Satyrinac, in which, according to Fritz Miil- 

 ler, the males emit a strong odor from a collection of scales on the hind 

 wings at the anterior base of the upper surface, covered by the fore wings 

 and specially protected l)y a curving mane of pale buff hairs. In a genus 

 of Morpiiinae, Stichophthalma, A\'ood-Ma8on perceived a pleasant 

 odor emitted by a patch of modified scales and an erectile whisp of hairs 

 on the hind wings of the male. This, he says, comes from a fluid 

 secreted by these scales or hairs, the only instance in which such a se- 

 cretion has been noted; but this pleasant odor, he adds, is so faint "as 

 barely to be perceptible in the presence of a much stronger odour (resemb- 

 ling that of sable fresh from the furrier's shop*) which is common to the 

 two sexes," but which is not localized. In the neighboring group of Bras- 

 solinae, spots of peculiar scales are very often present on the hind wings, 

 and Miiller observed that very distinct odors were emitted from these spots 

 in several different genera, particularly in Dasyophthalma. So, too, he 

 noted that a rather strong odor was given off from a species of Ageronia, 

 one of the Nymphalinae, by two large brown spots situated between the 

 wings where they oppose each other, though in other allied species of the 

 same genus neither the odor nor the patch could be detected. A most cu- 

 rious instance is that of the species of Didonis, already mentioned, where 

 abdominal glands occur in both sexes and even a second pair in the male, 

 one with agreeable and one with disagreeable odor, a butterfly which is 

 still furtiier beperfumed, since Miiller was able to detect a musk-like odor 

 produced by a black spot of scales near the base of the under side of the 

 front wings. Another member of the same subfamily, the European 

 Charaxes, is said by Girardto have a strong odor of musk, especially just 

 after its eclosion, thougli he does not state in which sex it arises or from 

 what point of the body it originates. In our own fauna we have a striking 

 instance of this odor in the scent emitted by the scales clustered along the 

 median nervules of the upper surface of the fore wingin Argynnisatlantis, 

 scales which have a distinct odor of sandal-wood, so strong that it is hardly 

 possible to handle living specimens without recognizing it, and which I 

 have known to be retained for many weeks after death, when the insect 

 had been enclosed at capture in a paper envelope. This is the more re- 

 markable because I have never detected the same or any odor in the allied 

 species of Argynnis of New England which nevertheless possess precisely 

 the same scales and in the same position. Finally, in this highest family 

 of butterflies, we have the instance of Anosia plexippus ; the scales found 

 in the little pouch upon the upper surface of the hind wings next the 

 lower median nervule emit a slightly honeyed odor over and above the 

 carroty smell which all the scales possess. 



In the next family, the little discal spot of scales upon the upper sur- 

 • The female of the beetle Prionus laticollis is said to have the same odor. 



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