1058 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



soiitliern Illinois "sparingly" (French), northern Illinois (Worthington), 

 Dayton and Columbus "occasionally" and at Cincinnati, Ohio, in great 

 numbers (IGrtland) , though Dury says it is rare at the latter point ; Bergen 

 Hill (Akhurst, Andrews) and Brigantine Beach, N. J. (Hamilton) ; New 

 York City (Smith), Fire Island Beach "abundant" (Smith), Babylon 

 "few" (Smith) and other parts of Long Island (Akhurst, Hooper, De- 

 Forest, Tepper). 



In New England proper it has only been found in the following places 

 on the southern coast, mostly near Narragansett Bay : Narragansett Pier, 

 South Kingston "very abundant" (Chapin), Newport, R. I. (McCurdy), 

 New Bedford (Parker) and Fall Eiver, Mass. (McCullum), and New 

 Haven, Conn. (Yale coll. mns.). It is the only case known of a southern 

 butterfly with a widespread distribution which has invaded the southern coast 

 of New England and has not been detected in southern Ontario. Tiiis 

 is the more remarkable as it is found in AVisconsin, sometimes in consid- 

 erable numbers, at a much hisrher latitude than in Ohio. 



Oviposition. Dr. C. V. Riley once observed the female ovipositing, 

 and tells me that she laid about one egg a minute in the twenty minutes 

 she was watched. She chose the more tender leaves of the food plant 

 and laid them both upon the upper and under surface of the leaflets. 



Food plants. The caterpillar feeds on different sjiecies of Cassia 

 (Leguminosae) ; Abbot and Smith figure it on C. marylandica Linn., on 

 which Riley observed it ; Boisduval and LeConte specify C. chamaecrista 

 Linn., and Dr. Chapman has taken it upon the latter and upon C. occiden- 

 talis Linn, and C. tora Linn. Dr. Gundlach states that in Cuba it feeds 

 also on "other Caesalpinieae." Mr. Lintner says it will feed upon clover, 

 and a chrysalis was sent Mr. Riley, found on cabbage, upon which, how- 

 ever, it is hardly probable that the caterpillar had fed. 



Life history. It is probably double brooded, both in the north and 

 south ; the second brood is much more abundant than the first, and the 

 imago being long lived, some individuals, at least, probably hibernate; in 

 Florida, according to Dr. Chapman, they are upon the wing from the 

 middle of February until almost the end of November, and the observa- 

 tions of Palmer and Schwarz agree with this. In the south the first 

 brood of fresh butterflies makes its appearance the last week of Api-il, and 

 the second early in August or even by the 21st of July, and continues in 

 multiplied numbers throughout August and September. The eggs are 

 laid at least until the middle of September ; the chrysalis state at this 

 season lasts ten or twelve days,* and as Abbot records one butterfly as 

 emerging early in October, and Dr. Oemler sent me fresh butterflies as 

 late as the middle of November, from AVilmington Isl., Ga., it doubtless 



•According to Abbot ; Dr. Gundlach says haps his observiitious were made on the 

 that it continues eighteen days in Cuba; per- earlier brood. 



