riKUINAK: CALLinUYAS KUHULE. 1059 



hibenmtos oitlior as a caterpillar or a Imttertly ; tiic same is i)roiKil)ly true 

 in the north, wliere the spring brood is unknown, although doubtless 

 existing, and the autumn brood appears in the latter part ol' August. 



Habits of the butterfly. The butterfly is veiy fond of'fiowers ; Gosse, 

 writing I'roni Aialiania, says: (Letters, 38) '"having gathered a spike [of 

 Caprifolium sempervirens — scarlet woodbine] it was visited, even while in 

 my hand, by a fine yellow butterfly (Colias eubulo Hoisd.), which instantly 

 began probing tiie deep, tubular blossoms with its sucker ; so eager was it 

 to gratify its appetite, that without any trouble I caught it in my fingers." 

 Air. Chapin found it in Rhode Island, flying about cardinal flowers. It 

 is seen only in the blazing sunshine. 



The male has a fragrant odor, which Miss Murtfeldt likens to that of 

 violets, but Fritz Miiller, who says it comes from the spot at the base of 

 the hind wings above, covered by the fore wings, calls musk-like ; accord- 

 ing to Miss Murtfeldt, it is retained several days after capture. It "flies 

 very swift," according to Abbot, but Maynard says it moves "from flower 

 to flower with a leisurely, well sustained flight, occasionally moving 

 rapidly from place to place." 



Its congregating habits and migrations. All southern observers 

 have borne witness to the great numbers in which this showy butterfly 

 congregates, and instances of its migrating in flocks are not unknown. 

 Thus the veteran naturalist. Prof. Lewis R. Gibbes, writes from Charleston, 

 S. C. (Can. ent.,xii: OO) :— 



In the course of the last two or three years several accounts have appeared iu 

 Nature of rti<i;lits of Lepkioptera in large numbers. I observed a similar phenomenon 

 in 1870. which may present sntticient interest to be put on record. In the summer of 

 that year, in the month of Auiiust as well as I remember, I was crossing the harbor of 

 this city in the 3 i>. m. trip of the steam packet boat between the city and Moultrieville, 

 on Sullivan's Island, at the entrance of the harbor, a summer resort of the inhabitants 

 of our city. The distance is between four and five miles, and when about half way or 

 perhaps two-thirds, the steamer passed through an immense stream of butterflies 

 crossing the harbor toward the southwest. They were all of the genus Callidryas. . . . 

 The wind was light, and from the rapid motion of the vessel it was difficult to say 

 whether the insects were aided or opposed by it in their transit. As the vessel 

 passed obliquely through the stream, their rate of motion could not be determined, 

 and the dimensions of the stream only roughly estimated ; it seemed to be six or 

 eight yards wide, about as many high, and extended an hundred yards or more on each 

 side of the vessel. Whence they came or whither they went could not be ascertained ; 

 they seemed to be crossing the harbor in a direction nearly parallel to the general 

 travel of the coast. 



Prof. J. E. Willett of Macon, Ga., writes to the same journal at almost 

 the same time (xii : 40) : — 



I saw Callidryas eubule passing here in great numbers during September, October 

 and November, 1878, from northwest to southeast. About noon, when they were most 

 abundant, there would be half a dozen visible all the time, crossing a 15 -acre square 

 of the city. They pursued an undeviating course, flying over and not around houses 

 and other obstructions. They flew near the ground, and stopped occasionally to sip 



