I'lKUlXAE: KUREMA USA. 1095 



about 30°. .\t rest for the night on a vertical surface, the wings were 

 observed after dark to be back to back, all the costal edges together, the 

 antennae thrust in front, drooping a little from the axis of the body, the 

 club curved downward from that line, tlie two antennae touciiiug, except 

 at tlio I'xtrcme tip. 



Enemies. Tiie only parasite known to attack tiie insect is Pteromalus 

 puparum (89: 1,2), wiiich Mr. Riley reared at tlie end of February, from 

 infested pujtae sent liiin by ilr. Mundt of Illinois. Mr. Jones, however, 

 in tlie passage quoted above, says that the butterflies were continually 

 preyed on in Beruuida by the bluebird, Sialia sialis, and the cat bird, 

 Galeoscoptes carolinensis. 



Desiderata. It will readily appear from what lias been related of the 

 life liistory above, that thei'e are many points in which it needs to be 

 cleared up. Especially is it desirable to learn how the insect passes the 

 winter, by independent observations in the north and in the south. If all 

 the September catei^pillars in New England go on to chrysalis and even 

 to imago, how is the species kei>t up ? for surely the butterfly cannot emerge 

 in October and hibernate in our climate ; and if it hibernates as a chrysalis, 

 or even as a mature or nearly mature caterpillar, why do we see butterflies 

 no earlier than the middle of Jinie, when butterflies in the south make their 

 appearance in the very earliest days of spring ? What is the meaning of 

 the long delay of the butterfly when the chrysalis has begun to change? 

 And why does each brood of butterflies appear to linger on the scene so 

 long by the accession of new material ? What is the reason for the unusual 

 barrenness in numbers of the spring brood? How many broods are there 

 in the south ? 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.— EUREMA LISA. 



