1122 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW EiSTGLAND. 



The girdle of silk is a very slight affair and is found in the pupa cross- 

 insr the middle of the first abdominal segment. 



Life history. It is apparently triple brooded almost or quite throughout 

 its range ; the first brood, which is also the least numerous, appears in the 

 latitude of Boston, on warm, sunny hillsides, from April 2.5 to May 15, the 

 appearance of the insect being more than usually affected by the season. Its 

 average advent is about the 8th of May ; along the southern coast of New 

 England it is probably about a week earlier, and still further south never 

 later than April ; in Georgia, Abbot reports the capture of a female on 

 March 12. In the southern part of New Hampshire it usually appears 

 about the 1.3th of May; in Norway, Me., and London, Ontario, about 

 the 18th; in Hallowell and Waterville, Me., and probably in the White 

 Mountains district still later. Jones gives its first appearance one year in 

 Nova Scotia, as June 4. It begins to be common in four or five days, 

 but is not abundant until some time after the appearance of the female, 

 which is a week or ten days later than that of the male. Its period of 

 greatest abundance is toward the end of May, when, on the southern 

 coast of New England, the butterflies begin to look old ; early in June 

 only rubbed specimens can be found, which fly in constantly diminishing 

 numbers, sometimes to the end of the month, the females outnumbering 

 the males after the first week ; a few females may usually he found when 

 the next brood appears. The females of all the broods apparently begin 

 to lay eggs very soon after eclosion, and continue to deposit them for at 

 least three weeks. These are hatched in five days, and the caterpillars 

 often attain their full growth in three weeks ; the chrysalis discloses the 

 butterfly in from nine to eleven days. The appearance of the second 

 brood is varied, like the first, according to the latitude. In the southern 

 parts of New England this brood appears the last week in June ; around 

 Boston between the 30th of June and the middle of July (usually during 

 the first week) , and here the eggs are laid most abundantly the third 

 week of this month ; at London, Ont., it appears at about the same time as 

 near Boston (although Mr. Saunders once found the earliest butterflies as 

 late as August 2) ; in the White Mountains it appears late in July, when 

 specimens have begun to be uncommon and rubbed further south ; perhaps 

 in certain years it may be earlier, for at Tadousac and Cacouna, Canada, 

 Mr. Saunders once found it common between the 16th and 20th of July, 

 while on the other hand Mr. Bethune reports it as exceedingly abundant 

 at Sault Ste. Marie between the 10th and 24th of August. Is it possible 

 that here there are only two broods ? Other reports by Bell, on the lower 

 St. Lawi'ence, would seem to look the other way, but Jones thinks there 

 are only two in Nova Scotia. This second brood usually becomes 

 abundant in about ten days, and flies until the third brood appears. 

 The advent of the third generation is much less diverse in differ- 



