1178 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



credit liiin with some exaggeration from tliscouragement, we can hardly 

 think the insect arrived there later than 18t)(i, the more probably as Pro- 

 fessor Smith again helps us by preserving in the Yale Museum two speci- 

 mens captured by him at Eastport, on July 4, 1866. 



The following year, 1867, marks a better known advance, for in May 

 it reached Montreal to the southwest, and extended on the southeast even 

 to Halifax, Nova Scotia. In Maine it was observed at Lewiston far 

 toward the southern extremity of the state, though resident entomologists 

 elsewhere in the state did not discover it until the following year. Not- 

 withstanding the number of entomologists who annually visit the White 

 ^Mountains, and the recorded capture by ]\Ir. ^Merrill in 1866, no one 

 seems to have taken the insect in New Hampshire in 1867, though with 

 its spread to Lewiston on one side and its appearance in considerable num- 

 bers in Vermont on the other, there can be little doubt that it was present 

 at least in the region north of the White Mountains and especially in the 

 valley of the upper Connecticut. In Vermont, Dr. Merrill found the 

 butterflies at Waterbury, Burlington and Stowe ; in the first locality, on 

 August 29, they were "very abundant."' During this year, therefore, the 

 insect had fairly established itself in northern Vermont and New Hamp- 

 shire, reached Montreal in its course up the St. Lawrence and pushed its 

 advance guard to the Atlantic Ocean at Halifax and nearly to the Gulf of 

 Maine at Portland. 



In 18(58, curious to say, our records are more meiigre but in one respect 

 very interesting. It was only in this year and toward the end of it that it 

 reached AVaterville, Me., to judge from the fact that it was first seen in 

 the early spring of 1869 by a very careful resident observer, the late Prof. 

 C. G. Hamlin. The buttei'flies must have come from wintering chrysalids 

 near by. In New Hampshire and Vermont its progress was steady but 

 not extensive. In New Hampshire it was taken this year at Warner near 

 the southern Kearsarge and was seen near Lake Winnepesaukee. In Ver- 

 mont it had extended to corresponding points, for it was common at 

 Woodstock and not uncommon in August in Sudbury, while in all the 

 track behind it was abundant enough. Writing to me from St. Albans 

 in 1869, Mr. N. C. Greene said that in the previous autumn his 3000 

 cabbages had from ten to fifty worms on a heatl ; he had not previously 

 noticed the buttei'flies at all and thought they first came in 1868, whereas 

 they must have reached St. Albans early the year before that. In the 

 valley of the St. Lawrence there is nothing, for a time, to gauge its move- 

 ments, but in September, 1869, Mr. Ritchie says that he has heard of its 

 ravages as far west as Chateauguay, so that it doubtless was to be found 

 there in 1868. Nor can we say more concerning its extension into the eastern 

 provinces, though I am told by Mr. G. F. Matthew that it appeared at St. 

 Johns "within two or three years of its recorded advent at Quebec" and, 



