1182 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEAV ENGLAND. 



west had extended proliably to Lake Ontario and nearly to central New 

 York. The southern, on the other hand, had covered Long Island east- 

 wardly, and was pushing its way also along the northern shore of the 

 Sound, while its main army was directed southward, had covered New 

 Jersey, and extended into eastern Pennsylvania. 



In the next year, these two armies, having devastated the country 

 with independent forces for fully tliree years, met and mingled, and 

 then swept \ve8tward and southward with increasing rapidity. They cov- 

 ered all the ground which lay between the outposts of the previous year, 

 this being the year in which it was first seen in Rhode Island, at Provi- 

 dence, and at Hunter, N. Y. It also extended to some of the higher 

 regions previously untouched but swept past, such as Williamstown, Mass., 

 and became, as usual, excessively common where it had only appeared 

 scantily the year before. There were even some spots not invaded until 

 1872, and it would appear that the advance guard, which swept down the 

 rivers flowing southerly and along the seacoast, left the inland districts 

 long untouched. Thus it is reported as not seen in 8towe, Mass., at the 

 close of 1871. Mr. Dickinson showed to the Natural history association 

 of Worcester in 1872 several specimens that had been found in a garden 

 there, as if they were of special interest as new comers (so that the rumor 

 that one was taken there in 1869 must be an error), and it is thought not 

 to have appeared in Sherborn until 1872. By that time it had probably 

 overrun every nook and corner of New England. Similar irregularities 

 appear in all its subsequent movements westward. 



Of its westward movement in 1871, we still have no information from 

 northern New Yoi'k or north of the boundary, and can only judge by sub- 

 sequent notices that it must have reached at least the extreme eastern end 

 of Lake Ontario. It had certainly passed the centre of New York, being 

 found common at Ithaca this year, where indeed it made its first appearance 

 the preceeding year according to Mr. Howard, though Mr. A. C. Weeks 

 thinks it did not occur in Tompkins Co. in 1870. It was '"troublesome" 

 this year or 1872 at Cazenovia, while Mr. Saunders states that "by 1871 

 it had travelled . . . west to the middle of the state of New York." In 

 Pennsylvania it is reported as harmful this year in Luzerne Co., and as 

 present at Easton and Lancaster ; this does not greatly increase its west- 

 ern range. But it had pushed somewhat further southward, following 

 the coast line ; injury was done to crops in Cecil Co., Md., during this 

 year, and it appeared in Baltimore. Writing me from Spottsville, Va., 

 Mr. B. W. Jones says "It was a general complaint (in Surry Co.) as 

 early as 1870-71 among farmers, that they could raise no good cabbage 

 on account of it. In 1872—73 it infested the gardens about Petersburg 

 in untold numbers." Yet it was not seen in Washington imtil 1872. 

 This year then is remarkable for the union of the two armies and the con- 

 siderable western extension in New Yoi'k. 



