1184 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



pies in his cabinet) was not to be found, but "in 1873 I observed it as not 

 uncommon in this city, and recognized it at once, while flying, as distinct 

 from its congeners P. monuste and P. protodice ; . . . I have seen it I 

 think every year since." This appears to be an unquestionable indepen- 

 dent introduction of the species from a coasting vessel, and it is due to this 

 probably that we find it invading the southern Atlantic states sooner than 

 we should otherwise anticipate. In the curves, therefore, I have given 

 this new southern horde a distinct claim to local independence, and brought 

 the northern curve to the ocean at a comparatively high latitude. 



In 1874 we again hear of the insect to the east of its point of origin, N. 

 Corneau reporting it as rare at Godbout river on the lower St. Lawrence, 

 the northeasternmost point from which it has yet been recorded ; its progress 

 westward in Canada seems to have been very slow. It was abundant now 

 at Hamilton but it did not reach Paris this year or certainly not until the 

 very end of the year. It had become noticeable at Cleveland by its ravages 

 during this summer as well as in western Pennsylvania. It made its ap- 

 pearance among the mountain valleys of West Virginia in September where 

 it became abundant the following spring. It was "by no means rare" in 

 Virginia. 



Of the extension of the southern horde we know nothing, but from the 

 record of later dates I have assumed an enlarged curve which seems best to 

 asrree with the facts . 



But here enters a new factor. Dr. A. W. Chapman, a well known and 

 experienced lepidopterist, writes from Apalachicola , Florida, that the butter- 

 fly first appeared there in 1873 or 1874 ; adding that it has not yet become 

 common, only half a dozen being seen in a season. Here we have a second 

 southern coastal introduction, unless indeed it was imported from Charles- 

 ton by raU direct, as seems more probable. Its appearance, however it 

 came about, at these two southern stations at such an early period explains 

 why when the insect does not flourish so well in the extreme south as farther 

 north* it managed to reach Alabama at least as soon as it obtained a foot- 

 hold beyond the Mississippi. 



Turning now to the year 1875 and beginning as before at the north, wc 

 find tliat it reached Paris, Out., in the spring of 1875, and London in 

 Ausrust. Saunders also tells us that it had reached western Ohio, and a 

 gardener in southwestern Ohio reports that it first troubled him in 1876 at 

 Mt. Repose, Clermont Co., and therefore presumably reached that place by 

 1875. It did not, however, reach Cincinnati until the following year though 

 it had followed the western Alleghanies down to Maryville, Blount Co., 

 eastern Tennessee, a little south of Knoxville, where Mr. E. M. y\.aron saw 

 it in 1875. It was now common in West Virginia, and presumably ex- 



* In evidence of this, the fact that after fif- supported by its failure to invaile the penin- 

 teen years it is still scarce at Apalachicola is sula of Florida. 



