1186 THE BUTTERFLIKS OF NEW ENGLAND. 



For, to forestall the siicceLiling years a little, the pest was not noticed in 

 northern Alabama until 1879, nor at Atlanta, Georgia, until 1880, nor at 

 Chester, S. C, until 1881. 



From these points to Illinois is a long leap, hut for this year it lias no 

 record. Excepting for the notice of its common occurrence at the head of 

 Lake Rosseau in the Muskoka District, east of Georgian Bay, Canada, 

 the only remaining data are for Illinois and Michigan ; the butterfly had 

 covered the lower half of the lower peninsula of Michigan and part of 

 Illinois. The specific points which it had reached in the latter state are 

 the region about Chicago — Maplewood, DeKalb Co., sixty miles west of 

 Chicago, Decatur and Champaign, in the autumn. The first two of these 

 may easily have been the mere extension of the Chicago colony, the two 

 latter of the Indiana, but, in all probability, the succeeding year saw a 

 blending of all the colonies, both north and south. 



For then, 1878, not only is almost the whole of Illinois invaded, but 

 the advance guard has pushed across the Mississippi and intrenched itself 

 in Iowa and Missouri. It appeared at Carbondale early in the year, 

 and "in injurious numbers" at Springfield. It had crossed the Mississippi 

 at at least two points. Prof. 11. R. Rowley writes from Carryville, Pike 

 Co., Mo., that he collected two specimens on radish blossoms at Louisiana 

 in that county in July, 1878, and Prof. S. M. Tracy says that he noticed 

 it at Columbia, in 1877, the first year of his residence there.* Further, 

 Mr. J. M. Myers writes that five or six specimens were taken at Fort 

 Madison, Iowa, in the autumn of 1878. There can therefore be little 

 doubt that it was in this year that it first crossed the Mississippi. In 

 Tennessee, too, it was close to the Mississippi in 1878, for it appeared 

 this year at Ralston Station in Weakley Co. ; and it was in March 

 recorded from Asheville. , N. C. 



In 1879 it had extended up the peninsula of Michigan, having been taken 

 at Ludington either this year or the preceding, and had invaded Wisconsin, 

 appearing in May about Racine, and being abundant there, although it did 

 not reach Milwaukee that year. In Iowa it made rapid advances. We 

 have already seen it at Fort Madison in the southeastern corner. It prob- 

 ably appeared in 1878 also at Keota in Keokuk Co., for it was destructive 

 there before the end of 1879. At Muscatine, it appeared in the latter 

 part of May, and became destructive that year. It appeared this year 

 also in Linn Co., where it was very destructive. But it went beyond the 

 eastern tier of counties, for it was found at Des Moines, in the autumn 

 at Ames, and had even advanced by midsummer to Omaha in Nebraska, 

 that is, across the entire state of Iowa ; in all probability it may have 

 been prematurely carried to that great railway centre by the freight 

 trains. The surprising thing about this is that it appeared to have no out- 



♦This is certainly possible, but it was more probably in 1878, to judge by other reports. 



