PIERINAE: PIKRIS RAPAK. 



1207 



spicuous in a broad belt which follows the median iiorvure, extending above to tlie 

 middle of the cell, and continues, on the apical half of the ■wing, in the same course — 

 sometimes mostly restricted to tlie lower half of the cell. Fringe white or yellowish. 

 Abdomen above black, covered with blnisli plumbeous hairs, on the last segment 

 whitish ; beneath pretty heavily llecked with white scales and a few liairs ; upper organ 

 of male appendages (35: 10) reaching nearly but not (piite to the tip of the clasps; 

 hook tapering, as seen from above, on its basal half only, beyond equal, bluntly pointed 

 and scarcely curved downward ; clasps broadly and roundly but distinctly excised on 

 middle of the lower border. 



Described from 83,3?. 



Seasonally dimorphic forms. Pieris uapae metra. Meyer Diir gives the follow- 

 ing distinctions between the spring and summer broods (which I believe Zeller was 

 the first to point out forty years ago) as they appear in Switzerland. The spring spec- 

 imens are dull white; above, the apex of the fore wings is narrowly grayish, the 

 bases of all the wings strongly sprinkled with black scales ; the spot in the upper 

 median interspace of the fore wings and the costal spot of the hind wings are small, 

 generally pale grayish or even wanting; the under surface of the hind wings are dull 

 yellow with black flecking, which, especially along the median nervure, is pretty heavy; 

 the abdomen is clothed with long hairs. 



Pieris rapae rapae. The summer specimens are somewhat larger, of a more intense 

 white, the apex of the fore wings above with a much broader margin of black or black- 

 ish ; the spots mentioned generally larger and deeper in color, especially in the $ , in 

 which a grayish, shadowy streak follows the inner border from the inferior spot 

 toward the base ; at the base of the hind wings the black flecking scarcely appears at 

 all; on the under surface they are uniformly pale yellow with hardly noticeable black- 

 ish fleckings in the median fold. The upper surface of the females is remarkably yel- 

 lowish, the black spots and the apex of the fore wings much broader and deeper; the 

 abdomen is more sparsely haired. 



He adds that the presence, paling or entire absence of the spots on the wings (not 

 including the apical markings) may be noticed in the males of both generations. 



Bowles was, I believe, the first to note similar distinctions between the broods in this 

 country. He says (Can. ent., iv: 103-104) :^"The spring brood is of a much purer 

 white than those produced later in the season, and has the blackish markings less in 

 size and paler in colour. I have often seen spring males without the spot on the upper 

 side of the fore w'ings, and having the blotch on the apex so much obliterated, that I 

 have supposed them, before examination, to be P. oleracea. The spot, however, is 

 generally present beneath, and can be faintly seen through the wing. As the summer 

 passes, the markings of the successive broods become more intense, until in the 

 autumn, individuals (particularly females), are met with which have a grayish appear- 

 ance, from the number of black scales sprinkled on the wings, especially near the 

 body. 



Varieties. Pieris rap.^^e novangliae. I have seen only males of a variety which 

 is lightly marked with griseous, but has the upper surface uniform, delicate, canary 

 yellow; and beneath, the fore wings, excepting at apes, a little paler, and the Innd 

 wings a little deeper than this; the basal third of the costal edge of the hind wings 

 is pale orange and the wing is but lightly flecked with griseous ; fringe of all the wings 

 on both sides pale yellow. Females, however, are not unknown. 



Bowles has also observed a seasonal distinction in this variety. He says (Can. ent., 



