PIKRINAK: riKRIS RAPAK. lliO'J 



Chrysalis (84 : 58. 65). Wliole iippor surface very pnlo, brownish yellow, or pale 

 jtreeii, darker on the thorax, most profusely specked with minute, black, circular punc- 

 tures, arranfrcil on the abiloineii in transverse rows fri'i|iu-i\tly coimocted by narrow 

 fuscous lines, and often washed more or less throuKtiont with fuscous, ■;ivin^ the 

 wliole a bl.ackish fuscous speckled appearance; miinite, circular, black spots are scat- 

 tered more or less conspicuously over the body ; one just without the jjosterior base of 

 the antennae; on the pmtliorax a divided dorsal, a subdorsal and a lateral one; on the 

 mesothorax one at the base of the wings, a divided dorsal one on the highest part of 

 the crest, which is rounded at the summit, and four arranged quadrilatcrally on either 

 side; on the metathorax four arranged quadrihitcrally, the anterior upper one being 

 thrown a little out of line and forming, with its mate, a divided dorsal spot; on either 

 side of the abdominal segments, three or four are arranged in an oblique line from the 

 anterior outer angle to near the middle of the posterior border and besides there is a 

 pair of subdorsal central ones ; from the ninth segment posteriorly the abdomen is 

 white with a few minute lilack dots and an interrupted black dorsal streak ; the wings 

 are dark brown witli a greenisli tinge or greenish, somewhat infuscated from 

 close dendritic tlgurcs of blackish fuscous on a paler ground ; the veins are in- 

 terrupted with black dots ; front and appendages ' very pale greenish brown ; some 

 fuscous spots on the front and tlie antennae faintly interrupted with fuscous; tongue 

 surpassing the tips of the wings Ijy half a segment's length; frontal tubercle tapering 

 rapidly at extreme base, beyond but slightly and so slenderer in general than in oler.acea, 

 more than twice as long as broad, edged externally and beneath apically with black; 

 a narrow, ])ale yeUowish, dorsal line, from the tip of the frontal tubercle extends back- 

 ward over the whole body , interrupted occasionally with black or fuscous, with wliite fol- 

 lowed by black on most of the abdominal segments, but almost altogether obscured on 

 the second and third abdominal segments ; suprastigmatal carinae of abdomen yellow- 

 ish white, often interrupted with black, the raised portions of the second and third 

 segments and especially of the latter elevated to a sharp point, .\bdomen beneath 

 very pale roseate or simply pale green, the eighth and succeeding segments whitish, 

 almost devoid of spots; an interrupted black ventral streak ; on cither side three longi- 

 tudinal rows of small blackish spots; spiracles pale with luteous lips. Length. 20 

 mm. ; length of frontal tubercle, 1.5 mm. ; breadth at thorax, 4.25 ram. ; at third ab- 

 dominal segment, 6.25 mm. ; height at dorsal tubercle, 5.25 mm. 



Greographical distribution. This buttei'fly is our most recent and 

 least (iesiral)lt' importation and will doubtless, before many years, spread 

 over the wliole northern hemisphere ; in the Old World it extends from the 

 Atlantic to the Pacific in almost all localities between the 30th and 60th 

 degrees of latitude ; in Switzerland it is found from the plains to the level 

 of perpetual snow. It was introduced into America, at Quebec, about 

 1860 and at New York in 1868. Its progress has been detailed above, in 

 the last excursus, and is shown graphically upon a special map. Its oc- 

 currence on one occasion in midocean is recorded in Psyche (i : 152). 

 There is no cultivated sj)ot in Xew England where it is not found. It 

 has even been taken on the barren subalpine heights of the White Moun- 

 tains. 



Oviposition. Tlic eggs are laid erect in large numbers but not in con- 

 tinuity, on tlic under surface of the leaves of cruciferous plants. In the case 

 of the broad-leaved forms like the cabbage and turnip they are not laid on 

 the ribs ; but when the leaves are upright, they are often deposited on the 

 upper surface, especially when, l)y the growth of the leaf, the u[)[)cr sur- 



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