THE SUBFAMILY I'Al'ILIONINAE. 1225 



at the l)!isc, and, tliough considerably broader than liigh, arc well domed 

 above, with a considerable micropylie infundibuliforrn depression ; in- 

 deed, but for their larger basal contraction, their form is that of many 

 llcsperidae ; the surface sculpture is certainly much like that of the Lycae- 

 nidae, but the form of the egg is very diHereut, and the sculjiture differs 

 no more widely from that of the eggs of the Papiiionidi, than do the eggs 

 of Feniscca from those of Strvmon. Tlic surfact; may best be described as 

 deeply and profusely punctate, the cells being exceedingly numerous, with 

 high walls, differing from the Papiiionidi only in the extreme depth of the 

 reticulation, this being almost invisible in the eggs of the latter tribe. 



The young caterpillar (I'arnassius only examined) shows a close rela- 

 tionship to the Papiiionidi in being provided with longitudinal series of 

 long bristles, longer than the segments, of which some at least are clus- 

 tered on ranged tubercles ; the bristles differ, however, in being spiculifer- 

 ous, and in that there is no apparent expansion at tip ; but the decidedly 

 truncate form of the apex leads one to believe that they must subserve the 

 game purpose, as an outlet of basal glands. The opening for the osma- 

 teria is shown at this early stage, and there is also on the mediodorsal line, 

 in the incisui-e between the second and third thoracic segments, a minute, 

 transversely oval opening, probably the outlet of some special gland, which 

 has I believe never been noticed, and which is not found at maturity. In 

 form, the relation of the head to the body, the structure of the head itself, 

 and especially of the antennae, we have a precise counterpart of the young 

 papilionid larva, but the length of the legs, both thoracic and abdominal, 

 rather recall the Pierinae. There are no ranged series of lenticles or 

 crateriform disks, unless possibly there is to be referred to this a single 

 series of excessively minute spots, one to a segment, behind and a little 

 below the spiracles. The mature caterpillar is distinctly related to that of 

 the Papiiionidi by the presence of osmateria ; the structure of the head is, 

 however, more like that of the Pierinae, though standing somewhat mid- 

 way between these and the Papiiionidi : there appears to be scarcely any 

 descending surface on the posterior side, yet the summit is broad and in 

 some instances a little arched. 



The chrysalis differs from that of both the Papiiionidi and the Pierinae in 

 the lack of any frontal prominence, so that it cannot be distinguished as 

 unimucronate or blmucronate ; the peculiar structure of the genus Thais at 

 its anterior extremity has elsewhere been entered upon. As a general rule the 

 chrysalids are compact and well rounded, but there is considerable variety in 

 this respect, some, like Luehdorfia, more nearly resembling in form genera 

 of Pierinae, while others, like Thais, remind us more strongly of Jasoniades 

 and Papilio. The surface-structure is marked in many instances by rugo- 

 sities whicii take on a longitudinal form, as in the many genera of the 

 Papiiionidi. The wing tubercles are well pronounced and there is gene- 



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