1246 THE- BUTTERFLIES OF JsEW ENGLAND. 



Dr. Cliapman states tliat it is "rare and accidental"' in Apalacliicola, Fla., 

 although "abundant in the country above," and Aaron speaks of it as onlj' 

 "moderately common" in southern Texas. It occurs, however, in Mexico 

 in the western portion (Doubleday), at the Kio Verde San Luis (Palmer) 

 and as far south as Cordova (Salle). Butler says it occurs also in Costa 

 llica. Westward we find it abundant as far as the great plains ; that is, 

 to central Iowa (Osborii, Putnam, Parker) and eastern Kansas, scarce 

 (Snow) ; but it does not extend beyond them excepting to the southward, 

 where it is reported from New Mexico (Snow) and Arizona (Doll, Mor- 

 rison) ; here it extends to the Pacific, stretching again northward along 

 the coast to the neighborhood of San Francisco and as far at least as 

 Sonoma County (H. Edwards, Osten Sacken). In the great intervening- 

 area between California and the Mississippi valley it appears to be totally 

 absent. The noi-thern limit of its alnmdance in eastern America is beyond 

 the annual isotherm of 55°, and it is found sparingly as far as that of 50° ; 

 the northernmost localities from which it has been reported are : Grinnell 

 and Keokuk, lo., "rare" (Parker), Wisconsin, "not uncommon" (Hoy), 

 near Chicago, 111. (Mus. Chic. acad. sc), Ilockport (Kirtland) and 

 Cleveland, Ohio "common" (Kirkpatrick), "scarce" (Ison) ; "has l)een 

 taken in diflPerent parts of (.)ntario : usually rare ; one summer abundant 

 near Hamilton" (Saunders) ; shore of Lake Ontario (Petit) ; aliout 

 Toronto and at Woodstock (Saunders) ; Long Island (Graef, Akhurst), 

 Staten Island (Davia), and Newburgh, N. Y. (Edwards). 



In these exceptionally northern localities the butterflies occasionally ap- 

 pear in considerable numbers. Thus Bethune writes (Can. nat., iii : 320) 

 that about 1858 the)^ appeared in Flamboro near Hamilton, Canada", "in 

 countless numbers about the lilac trees as long as they continued in blossom 

 and then suddenly disappeared. They lasted from the 7th to the 18th of 

 June, but very few appearing after that date." Since then, according to Mr. 

 Saunders, they have rarely been seen, two or three only having been 

 taken at Woodstock about 1865, "several specimens" about Toronto in 

 twenty odd years and one at Ridgway in 1880. 



Specimens were found by Dr. Bean on the summit of Big Butte, one of 

 the Ii-on or Smoky Mountains, Tenn., 5000 feet above the sea (Uhler). 



In New England it is of course very scarce. Rarely has more than a 

 single specimen been taken during a season excepting near New Haven, 

 Conn., where the species is "a|iparently not very uncommon" (Smith). 

 It has also been found in Branford (Hammer t. Faxon) and Farmington, 

 'Conn. (Norton), and in one or two instances about Boston, and is found 

 nearly every y'ear as far north as Beverly, Mass. At Cambridge it was 

 first taken by Dr. Harris, who reared specimens in 1840 from caterpillars 

 found in the Botanic Garden. The original manuscript of a report made 

 at the time to the Harvard Natural History Societv bv T. W . Higginson, 



