PAPILIONINAE : IPHICLLDES AJAX. 1271 



color much less than in the preceding stage and so inconspicuous ; occasionally tliis 

 velvety black stripe is broken briefly at tlie dorsal line. Later and when full grown, 

 the caterpillar is pea-green with nincli less distinct, transverse markings, sometimes 

 indeed witt) this exception they are almost entirely obliterated, but generally the darker 

 markings are made plain by transverse series of dots or brief, transverse lines of 

 black or brown, sometimes reduced so as not to be noticeable without a lens, and gen- 

 erally slightly more distinct upon the sides than above. When most highly marked 

 there are three distinct, transverse stripes narrowly margined with black, the anterior 

 slightly broader than the others and yellow, the others pale greenish blue. Just 

 behind the osmaterial cleft on the first thoracic segment is a very bright, lemon yellow, 

 transverse line edged as broadly both in front and behind with pieeous. Legs bluish. 

 Prolegs color of the under surface of the body. Spiracles livid in a black setting. 

 Length, 55 mm. ; breadth of head, S.ti mm. ; breadth of third abdominal segment, 12 

 mm. Described from blown specimens with the aid of notes of C. V. Riley. 



Chrysalis (85 : 11-12). Ocellar prominences when viewed from above having a 

 direction divergent from each other at right angles, widely separated by a broad and 

 shallow curve, almost or quite flat over nearly half its course; basal wing tubercle not 

 strongly pronounced, far less so than the ocellar prominences. Surface of body, 

 especially upon the dorsal portions of the abdominal segments, with a large number of 

 bead-like, hemispherical warts and occasionally short, transverse, raised dashes; in 

 addition to which the same portion of the body is sharply and irregularly punctate, the 

 punctae being of unequal size and irregularly distributed, but very numerous and 

 sharp. Prothoracic spiracle not more than one-half as long again as high. Color 

 either dead leaf brown or bright green, according to Edwards. Judging from dried 

 specimens there is a tendency to the development of three rows of infuscated blotches 

 upon the abdomen, one of which margins, on the interior side, the laterodorsal carin.ae 

 and consists of two sometimes confluent, roundish spots, the larger anterior, the 

 smaller posterior; the second series, rather broad oblique liars, follows the posterior 

 upper edge of the oblique carinae which lie midway between the former series and the 

 spiracles; the third series is formed of round, suprastigmatal, anterior spots. Length, 

 20-24 mm. ; height, 7.5-8.25 mm. ; height of mesonotal tubercle above back, 1.35-1.5 

 mm. ; distance apart of tips of ocellar tubercles, 4.6-5 mm. ; width of head, 3.9-4.6 

 mm. ; of body at basal wing tubercles, 6.1-7.5 mm. ; at tip of third abdominal segment, 

 7.5-8.75 mm. 



This chrysalis difiers from that of I. podalirius of Europe in the greater separation 

 of the ocellar tubercles, the cleaner cut, sharper surface sculpture of the whole body 

 and the more open and broader prothoracic spiracle. 



Distribution (26 : 7) . This butterfly occurs east of the great plains, in 

 the Carolinian and the southern half of the Alleghanian fauna ; it extends 

 north almost to the annual isotherm of 50°, even passing that line in the 

 region of the great lakes, so as to include southern Michigan and the 

 whole of Ohio, but, apparently, not following the upward curve of the 

 isotherm beyond the Mississippi. In the south it reaches the Gulf coast 

 and passes down the peninsula of Florida, at least as far as the latitude of 

 Lake Okechobee (Palmer, Wittfeld, Schwarz). Westward it is found 

 as far as Racine, Wis. "common" (Hoy), central Iowa (Osborn, 

 Parker), Missouri, "common" (Riley), eastern Kansas, "abundant" 

 (Snow), and Texas (Edwards), its extension in this direction being 

 limited apparently by the prairie region. It occurs on the banks of the 

 Mississippi as far north as Davenport, lo. (Putnam) and Rock Island, 

 111. (Parker) . It is found also in other parts of northern Illinois at Pontiac 



