PAPILIONINAE : JASONIADES GLAUCUS. 1301 



at times. But the slightest evidence of motion, especially above them, alarms them at 

 once. I have .sent a small stone near them, and witnessed every evidence of alarm. 

 When once disturbed, they become more restless and wary. Some, as turnus and 

 troilus, when rudely disturbed by a strolfc of the net, rise high in the air, and imme- 

 diately seeli another resting-place, even when on their choicest feeding grounds (ii : 

 129-130). 



Another manifestation of intelligence is in their plain efforts to hide from danger. 

 After pursuing a turnus for some time, and repeatedly starting it from its feeding 

 grounds by ineffectual attempts to capture it, I have often seen it seelc the dense 

 foliage of some large-leaved tree, lilvc tlie maple, liiclcory or tulip, and getting itself 

 snugly ensconced on a leaf immediately sheltered by one or more others, it was appar- 

 ently feeling absolutely safe. Then any ordinary degree of caution is sure to result 

 in its capture (ii: 131). 



Among the [swallow-tails and otliers], I never saw the least spirit of playfulness. 

 These seem to be bent on the earnest business of their lives alone, and especially the 

 turnus and troilus wing their stately flight as if this were not a world where even a 

 buttertly needed play (ii : 133). 



A bird seized a turnus, brealiing a portion of its anterior wing, but the butterfly 

 exhibited no alarm, and continued steadily on its way, minus a bit of wing. It evi- 

 dently did not appreciate the fact that it had very nearly lost its life, or else it held 

 life much more cheaply than the ordinary animal (ii : 134). 



The flight of all our Papilioninae is nearly the same, but this butterfly 

 is perhaps peculiar for its sailing and soaring ; it flics high and low, rising 

 and falling alternately several feet at a time, usually moving about twenty 

 feet from the ground ; it flutters in and out among the branches of a tree 

 from base to crown ; or, meeting a dwelling in its flight, mounts upward, 

 soaring high above it rather than turn in its course. It has a wayward 

 flight and in battling against the wind it beats the air pretty vigorously, 

 yet not so rapidly as butterflies with shorter wings ; startled, it flaps its 

 wings with intense vigor, darts from one side to the other with fatiguing 

 irregularity, nor stops until far out of sight ; yet when settled upon its 

 favorite flowers it may be approached and readily taken with the hand. 



Gosse, in his Canadian Naturalist, says of these butterflies: "They 

 have a very noble appearance in flight when compared with the meaner 

 fiy ; they are seen a great way oflT, as they come dancing through the 

 green lanes" ; they are fond of open woods, alighting frequently upon the 

 leaves of the trees. 



When at rest the wings are usually widely spread, barely raised above 

 the horizontal, the inner border of the fore wings reaching the upper sub- 

 costal nervule of the hind pair ; and a slight tremulous quiver of the 

 wings may often be observed. The antennae, viewed from above, are 

 straight, diverging at an angle of 50°, the tips 11 mm. apart ; viewed lat- 

 erally they are directed first upward, then, at a short distance from the 

 base, bent strongly forward in a graceful curve, the main stem nearly par- 

 allel to, but raised a little above, the plane of the body, and directed very 

 slightly downward ; the club again is curved pretty suddenly upward, 

 and the thickened tip very slightly backward, showing a tendency toward 

 the prevailing form in the Hesperidae. 



