PAPILIONINAE : TIIK (JENUS EUPIIOEADES. 1309 



duceil into :i roiiiickHl, ciip-sluiped expansion whicli I'unns a broad, blunt hook, the lat- 

 eral angles of wliicli are considerably prodneeil and onrved; anterior edge entire. 



This genus is strictly American ;ur1 is composed of only two or three 

 species. It spreads over the soiitiieiii lialf of North America east of the 

 Rocky ^lountains, including tiie Antilles ; only one species occurs in New 

 England. 



The butterflies are larger than tliose of Laertias, and the upper median 

 nervule of the hind wings hears a nearly equal tail, which in nature is 

 twisted at riffht angles to the i)lane of the wing ; the wings are' black 

 above, dark brown bcneatii ; upon tlie outer half, above, they are fur- 

 nished with one or two rows of large pale spots, and on the liind wings 

 the spots of tlie inner series are merged into a broad and more or less 

 powdery band, at the inner extremity of which is one ocellated parti- 

 colored spot ; beneath, the spots of both wings are repeated, but both 

 those on the hind wings become very large, independent and orange col- 

 ored, while the field between is more or less extensively jjowdered with 

 blue. Less than any other of our genera does the structure of the butter- 

 fly depart from a common type, tliough the sexual distinctions in the 

 length of the legs is more than usually marked. 



The insects are double brooded, wintering as chrysalids. The first brood 

 appears early in spring, the second in midsummer ; the eggs are laid 

 singly, the caterpillars feed principally on Lauraceae and live singly in a 

 trough made from a leaf which is partially or completely drawn together 

 with silk. In midsummer the chrysalids hang about a fortnight. 



The eggs are nearly spherical, about a millimetre in height and pale 

 green. 



The juvenile larvae are a little angulated and furnished with longitudi- 

 nal series of small fleshy warts bearing spinous hairs, beside other simple 

 hairy warts ; one pair of fleshy prominences on the sides of the first tho- 

 racic segment projects forward like ears on either side of the head. The 

 mature caterpillars are rounded and naked, green above and reddish 

 beneath ; the anterior part of the body, especially the last thoracic seg- 

 ment, is greatly enlarged, giving these caterpillars very much the appear- 

 ance of those of the genus Chaerocampa among Sphingidae ; the body is 

 rather inconspicuously ornamented with several longitudinal rows of small 

 dark round spots, often of very delicate tints, and bears on each side of 

 the third thoracic segment a very large and conspicuous, ocellate, particol- 

 ored spot. Other large spots are found on the hunched portion, but vary- 

 ing according to the species. 



The chrysalids are generally light colored, often with various tints of 

 wood-brown, and are marked with inconspicuous longitudinal series of 

 dark spots ; the anterior extremity is bent a little upward, the ventral sur- 

 face next the wings is produced, much as in Callidryas though in a far less 



