1310 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



beneath, on either side at tlie onter edge a similar row of seven yellow spots on the 

 tips of the segments, the sixth and seventh continnons, and forming a U-shaped, nar- 

 row band, sometimes broken in the middle, from the middle of which runs a delicate 

 median line of yellow scales, toward tlie thorax, crossing three segments, sometimes 

 broljen into minute spots at the incisures. Valves of male abdomen (35: 19, 20) 

 pretty large, regularly oval, a little pi'odnced at the tip, tumid ; the upper a little more 

 rounded than the lower border; the interior amature consists of a horizontal lamina, 

 thickened at the edge, having a long sweeping curve, especially apically where it is a 

 little recurved and bears at the extremity of its posterior extension and also a little 

 beyond the middle, a backward curving, pretty large, but delicate, depressed spine ; the 

 recurved apex bears just above the apical spine a series of si.x or seven delicate curved 

 spines pointing downward, and increasing in size from above downward. The upper 

 organ consists of a pair of narrow, incurved, strongly compressed and laterally curved 

 forceps-like organs, docked at the tip, and situated on either side of the vent. The hook 

 of the eighth abdominal segment is slender, nearly equal, subquadrate, at first filling 

 the basal space between the valves, curving equally with them, afterwards curving 

 more strongly downward, like a rabbit's tooth, and terminating in a rounded subspatu- 

 late tip. This just touches the upper portion of a fleshy protuberance formed of a 

 thick, heavy, tumid base, from which springs a honey-colored finger as long as the 

 base and vertically ovate and compressed at tip with a longitudinal opening. Beneath 

 the upper organ, previously described, springs a fleshy, testaceous, elongated, cylindri- 

 cal organ, as long as the finger just mentioned, but nearly twice as large on apical as 

 on basal half. 



The termination of the female abdomen, as studied in fresh specimens, deserves 

 notice. The terminal segment is much smaller than the penultimate ; viewed laterally 

 it is very blunt, truncate: viewed apically, vertically obovate and slightly compressed; 

 from above suddenly and almost equally compressed. The posterior orifice is lined 

 with black hair-scales; when denuded it is seen to be obovate, well rounded, the 

 lower edge imperfect, being brought to a sliarp angle and capable at this point of 

 dilation. From this orifice, which is 2.1 mm. long vertically and 1.25 mm. broad, pro- 

 trudes (not more tlian. 5 mm. when at rest, 1 mm. when forced out by pressure) a pair 

 of large, horn.v, brownisli valves, the ovipositor, slightly fringed with delicate hairs, 

 their edge thickened, each valve not greatly gibbous, parting very slightly in tlie mid- 

 dle of the lower half to form a slight opening. The lower portion of the penultimate 

 segment is separated from the upper by a division in the middle posteriorly ; the lower 

 portion forms a pouch, the vagina, beneath the parts before described ; it has a U-shaped 

 form, is iucrassated at the sides and retreats slightly in the middle, leaving a space 

 equal to the length of the orifice of the ovipositor. From the upper wall of this pouch 

 hangs a short, cylindrical, fleshy body, and directly beneath it, lodged on the lower 

 wall, is a spatulate blade, the tip of which is naturally exposed to view on denudation ; 

 viewed from above it has a truncate, spatulate appearance, the outer corners of its ter- 

 minal edge produced to short fine points; its upper surface is flat excepting in the 

 middle near the tip where it is sulcate ; it appears to be a cylindrical tube open along 

 the lower side and spreading at the tip, but in reality is formed of two appressed 

 pieces, each the extremity of one of the lateral ribbons next to be mentioned. On 

 either side the whole surface is guarded by a most irregular, thin, chitinous ribbon, its 

 surface wavy and tortuous ;^like the Devil's apron of the seashore, or some thistle- 

 leaves), bristling at every angle with fine points or curving spines; all of these arise 

 from the upper edge and most of them from the posterior half, excepting one on either 

 side arising from the middle of the under surface, rising to the same height as they, 

 and opposed to them and to the corners of tlie lower spatulate organ ; these are com- 

 pressed thorns, armed with four or five teeth of irregular position and shape; these 

 thorns and the spines arising from the posterior half of the ribbon, form on either 

 side an irregular coronet of bristling spines, which is fully exposed to view only after 

 pairing, when these parts protrude more or less (61 : 48), and present a formidable ap- 

 pearance. The nearly unarmed halves of the ribbon pass up on either side of the fleshy 



