1326 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Riley tells me that he once heard complaint of this butterfly in Illinois 

 from ladies who charged it with destroying their Verbenas. "They get 

 their tongue into the flower, and in retiring jjull away flower and all, thus 

 marring and destroying them." 



Mr. Henry Edwards has observed this butterfly at the electric liglit. 



When at rest, the antennae diverge at an angle of about 65°, but the 

 clubs are parallel and the stalks also are parallel at their very base ; viewed 

 from the side the antennae curve very slightly throughout the whole length 

 of the stalk, the general direction being forward ; the club is gracefully 

 but strongly curved upward at nearly right angles. When at complete 

 rest, the fore legs — at least those of the male — are bent and appressed to 

 the body, the tarsi being pendant and the claws nearly touching the 

 ground. 



Mr. W. H. Edwards exposed a chrysalis of this butterfly to extreme 

 cold for fifteen days, but it gave the butterfly "unchanged." 



Enemies. Walking one day through a shadowed road where a single 

 example of this butterfly was coursing back and forth, turning always as 

 it met me, I noticed after a short time that it did not return after one of 

 its periodic excursions ; and soon the reason was evident, for I came to its 

 four uninjured wings lying in the damp rut ; a bird had snatched it as it 

 passed, bitten off the uneatable wings, and devoured the body. 



The caterpillar is attacked by Trogus exesorius (88:3), an Ichneumon 

 which attacks nearly all the Papilioninae described in this work, sting- 

 ing the caterpillar ; the grub changes to pupa after the caterpillar has be- 

 come a chrysalis and the perfect insect eats its way out of a circular hole 

 with a ragged edge in the side of the chrysalis in the middle of one of the 

 wing cases, varying from 4.5 to 5.5 mm. in diameter. It hibernates 

 within the chrysalis case and emerges in this species toward the end of May 

 or early in June according to Dr. T. W. Harris. Mr. Riley has also bred 

 a Cryptus from the chrysalis (but the specimens cannot now be found) 

 together with a new species of Apanteles, A. emarginatus. No dipterous 

 parasite is known. 



Desiderata. A more detailed and careful account of the seasons of 

 this Ijutterfly in different regions is the principal point needed to complete 

 its natural history. The duration of the egg in the north and a fuller 

 account of the habits of the caterpillar ai-e other desiderata, together with 

 the determination of the unknown parasite mentioned. Do the summer 

 chrysalids ever pass over to the next year? Are there three broods of 

 this insect anywhere in the south? it would seem as if there must 

 be, but our data are very meagre. Our knowledge of its western distribu- 

 tion leaves much to be desired. 



