SOUTHKKN INVADERS. 1333 



foothold in soiitlicin C'oniu-cticut, lias [)uslicil its way along the warmer 

 seacoast so as to have been taken in a few instances even on the shore of 

 New ILunpshire and of Maine, as far a.-i Bangor. Euptojeta claudia, 

 similarly a permanent resident of our .soiitliern edge, has heen taken in 

 eastern Massachusetts, lyotli in the Connecticut vallev and alonir the sea- 

 board ; and it has once or twice been loinid even as far as Portland. 

 Perhaps tlicre should be included among such butterflies liypatus bach- 

 manii, an iniiabitant certainly of the extreme south and occurring in 

 abundance in the southern of the middle states, rarely as far north as 

 Philadelphia : this has plainly made some more or less extensive inroads 

 to the north, since it has been taken occasionally in the vicinity of New 

 lork, about Boston and even in the very heart of the White Mountains, 

 which it reached doubtless by some movement up the Connecticut valley. 



But the plainest indications of such invasions are to be found among the 

 Papilionidae. One such instance is known in Callidryas eubule, which 

 appeared on one occasion in immense numbers in Rhode Island, where it 

 does not permanently dwell, and has been taken on several occasions upon 

 Long Island, .\nother, in Xanthidia nicippe, which, common enough in 

 the south and even in the southern middle states, is ordinarily unknown 

 in New England and New York, but in the year 1879 must have made an 

 extensive movement to the north, since in the vicinity of Newburgh, N. Y., 

 it became even more common than Eurymus philodice and was seen in 

 eastern Massachusetts, while the oidy other instance of its occurrence any- 

 where in New England is in specimens I once saw, obtained in Norwich, 

 Conn. The wide spread Pontia protodice is probably another case in point, 

 for, while it seems to have but a precarious foothold upon our southern 

 shore, it has been known to be taken in the vicinity of Montreal, which 

 it must have reached by an exceedingly extended movement to the north, 

 along the Hudson-Champlain valley. 



Among the swallow-tails we have two striking instances, one in Laer- 

 tias philenor, which, maintaining itself by a comparatively few individuals 

 in southern Connecticut and perhaps by a few in eastern Massachusetts, 

 occasionally appears in such numbers as plainly to indicate a northward 

 movement of the throng that are found at no great distance in the 

 middle states. The movements of Heraclides cresphontes, which until 

 recent years was not known at all in New England, and has now estab- 

 lished itself in the extreme southwestern corner, will shortly be related in 

 full. 



To this list should probably be added the following skippers : Eudamiis 

 proteus, a typical southern form, which occasionally appears in some num- 

 bers in the southwestern corner of New England ; Achalarus lycidas, 

 which, though less southern, nevertheless belongs conspicuously to the 

 Carolinian fauna and which occasionally makes a foray into eastern Massa- 



