PAPILIONINAE ; THE GENUS PAPILIO. 1349 



and last smaller than the otliers, that i)f the mctatliorax not compressed; there is 

 also a lateroventral ridge becomin"; conspicuous and even sliarp posteriorly. Preanal 

 button limited laterally by a pretty strongly impressed, curving line, in front termi- 

 nating in a pair of closely approximated, very small, appressed, recumljent, rounded 

 tubercles. Creniaster transversely (piadrilaterai, considerably broader beneath, its 

 edge in continuation of tlie aljdomiiml enrinae, its sides tiat or sliglitly liollovved, 

 especially above; viewed from aI)ove, a little longer tlian its greatest breailth, tapering 

 in regular continuation of tlie alnlomen, abruptly and consideral)ly truncate, tlie apex 

 having the sliape of the transverse cut, tlie field of anal lioolvlets transverse, twice as 

 broad as long, ovate. Hoolilets as in Enphoeades, but the lateral expansions of the 

 apical cup are sharply pointed. 



This genus, tolerably rich in species, is widely distributed over the 

 northern hemisphere and represented in about equal numbers in the Old 

 and New World. Like Jasoniades, but, I believe, imlike any other genus 

 of swallow-tails, it is confined to temperate regions or to elevated parts of 

 the tropics. In the north of the Old World, the limits of the genus, which 

 stretch fi-om ocean to ocean, are found between the Tropic of Cancer and 

 60^ N. Lat. ; that is, they comprise almost the whole north temperate 

 zone. It also reappears beyond the tropics, in Australia. In the New World 

 it occupies the whole northern continent, including the larger Antilles, 

 excepting north of a line connecting the middle of Newfoundland with the 

 mouth of the river Yukon in Alaska and extends southward over the west- 

 ern part of northern South America as far as the equator, although here 

 probably limited to elevated country. A northern species nearly reaches 

 the upper confines of New England, while another, which is widely spread 

 over the continent, occurs thfougtiourour territory. 



Tlie butterflies of this genus are among the smaller of swallow-tails and 

 bear a moderately long, equal or tapering, never spatulate tail on either 

 hind wing. The genus is peculiar among our native .swallow-tails for the 

 length of the fore tibiae and the nearly equal division of the hind legs of 

 the female into femur, tibiae and tarsi. The upper surface of the wings is 

 black, sometimes dusted witii yellow scales and bears a marginal series of 

 yellow spots, circular on the fore wing, lunate on the hind ; crossing both 

 wings is a series of more or less connected yellow spots, forming a nar- 

 rower or broader band, always broader and further removed from the outer 

 margin on the hind wing than on the front ; the fore wing often has in 

 the cell one or two transverse bars of varying width and the hind wing a 

 brio-ht colored ocellus at the anal angle ; the apical half of the hind wing is 

 also often dusted with blue scales. Beneath, the ground color is less 

 intense and the markings of the upper surface are repeated, the yellow 

 often changing to orange. 



The insects are single, double or triple Ijrooded, wintering either as 

 chrysalids or butterflies. The eggs are laid singly and hatch in about a 

 week, the larvae live singly and exposed on wild and cultivated Umbelliferae 

 and the chrysalids, unless they hibernate, generally hang about a fortnight. 



