1386 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



gist knows. The winter sleep especially is very varied from year to year, 

 differs more in some species than in others and differs also in the various 

 stages ; in general it may be said that it is shortest in the imago, longest 

 in the chrysalis, and about equal in the egg and the caterpillar, though 

 there arc of course many exceptions to any such general statement. 



Finally there is often seen a difference, plainly attributable to tempera- 

 ture, between butterflies of the same species or between species of the 

 same genus, according as they are found in more northern or more south- 

 em latitudes, showing itself principally in size, greater in the south, and 

 in general tone of color, the markings being generally less vivid and more 

 melanic in the north ; doubtless much more is to be learned in this direction 

 by careful investigation. 



It might perhaps be thought by some that the nature of the food plant 

 had not been sufficiently taken account of in the exjieriments cited ; that ex- 

 periments should be made to see whether in such seasonally dimorphic forms 

 as subsist perforce in their different broods upon different food plants, 

 Cyaniris pseudargiolus for example, the dimorphism be not rather poly- 

 phagic than seasonal ; or more properly whether the actual seasonal di- 

 morphism be not a simple result of different nourishment. But a moment's 

 consideration will show that the most marked cases or most of them occur 

 where no diversity of food plants exists, and that there is no known dimor- 

 phism even between the later broods of Cyaniris pseudargiolus where such 

 diversity is found. Such phenomena, therefore, unquestionably have their 

 origin in the effect of cold upon the development of butterflies. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Dorfraeister, Geog. Ueber die einwirkung verschiedener, wahrend entwicklungsperioden, 

 angeweudeter warmegrade aul die farljung uiid zeichnung der scljmetterlinge. 8% 1863. 



Edwards, W. H. In various papers. See Butt. N. Amer., ii : Phyciodes i, ii; Can. ent., vii : 

 236-240; i.x: 203-206; xvi: 232-236; Psyche, iii: 3-6, 15-19,75-76, 174. 



Dorfmeister, G. Ueber den einfluss der temperatur bei der erzeugung der schmetterlings- 

 varietaten. 8° Graz, 1880. 



Weismann, August. On the seasonal dimorphism of butterflies (Studies in the theory of 

 descent, Part i) 8° London, 1882. 



Brunbaucr, Paul. Der einfluss der temperatur auf das lebeu der tagfalter. 8° Miinehen, 

 1883. 



EUDAMUS PROTEUS.— The long-tailed hesperid. 



[Swallow-tailed skipper butterfly (Abbot) ; the roller-worm (Comstook) ; long-tailed skipper 



(Maynard).] 



Papilio proteus (var. 7) Linn. Syst. nat. exot. schmett., 1, Lep. i, Pap. ii, Gent, v, 



10th ed., 484(1758) ;— Smith- Abb., Lep. ins. Ga., Urbani c. Fortes a, figs. 1-4 (1806). 

 i:35, 36, pi. 18 (1797);— Abb., Draw. ins. Ga. Thymele prnteusFahr., Wig. mag. ins., yU 



Brit. Mus., vi:68, figs. 90, 91; xvi:46, pi. 9 287 (1807);— Mill!., Arch. raus. nac. Rio, iii: 



(ca. 1800). 47, pi. 6, fig. 29 (1878) ;— Burm., Descr. phys. 



Urbanus forlis proteus Htibn., Samml. R6p. Argent., v; 288-289 (1878);— Auriv., Lep. 



