1444 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAN'D. 



the centre ; she seems to select clover leaves having an independent stalk, 

 standing ratlier high and to perfer those which are cither in a thick clump 

 or are sheltered to some degree by shrubbery or rocks. She always flies to 

 some distance before depositing another egg, and such as are found on 

 leaves in the near vicinity must always have been laid by different individ- 

 uals or by the same on subsequent visits to the spot. 



When alighted on a stalk or flower, the wings of this butterfly, the 

 surface of which is a little arched, are held either at an angle of about 40 

 apart, the tips of the fore wings separated by a distance of about 15mm. and 

 the costal border of the hind wing reaching the lower median nervure of 

 the fore wing ; or, more widely, at an angle varying from 80° to 110° ; the 

 antennae are deflected about 30° with the body and diverge at right angles. 

 When resting on the ground, the wings are a very little elevated ; the body 

 is raised a little in front and the antennae are extended in the plane of the 

 body, diverging at an angle of about 95° ; they are straight, the club curv- 

 ing downward. When at rest in the shade, the antennae are extended 

 laterally almost in a common line, but are bent a very little forward, kept 

 often in a slight forward and backward motion ; viewed from above, the 

 apical half has a broad, slight curve, opening backward and including the 

 club ; viewed latei-ally they are sti-aight, the club directed downward and 

 outward and the whole antenna raised above the body at an angle of about 

 25°. When enclosed in a dark place, the antennae always diverge at an 

 angle of 140°. When walking, the antennae are brought forvvard at about 

 right angles, and viewed from above are not quite straight, but a little 

 curved on the basal half, the convexity outward ; they are on a plane with 

 the body, the club curved downward and a little outward. 



Some experiments. Handling a living chrysalis of this butterfly for 

 some time, to study its various parts, I noted that the pulsations of its dorsal 

 vessel had greatly increased ; accordingly I placed the bulb of a sensitive 

 Secretan thermometer (which registered 70. °5 F. in the room) against the 

 body, and it rose quickly to 76. °5, the pulsations being forty per minute. 

 Leaving it there, I found that when the pulsations were reduced to sixteen 

 per minute the thermometer fell to 75. °5 ; and when they were apparently 

 reduced to almost none, the thermometer fell to 75°. The next day, the 

 chrysalis not having been again disturbed, but having rested in a glass 

 dish on a wooden table, I again applied the thermometer about an hour 

 before noon, the temperature of the room being 70.°25, and the thermom- 

 eter rose to 71.°25, indicating, probably, the normal elevation of its exte- 

 rior above the surrounding atmosphere. 



Parasites. Judging from the appearance of some eggs collected in 

 the open field, and which never hatched, this insect is attacked by a minute 

 Trichogramma or Telenomus in the egg state, but no specimens have been 

 reared. I have also found the nest of the caterpillar occupied late in the 



