HESPEKIDI: THAXAOS PERSIUS. 1469 



flecked with the same, ami in a large measure replaced on the upper half of the wing 

 and next the outer border of the lower half with slightly elongate white scales — all 

 however, absent from the darker spots. Thei'e is occasionally a minute pale or vitreous 

 dot in the cell, just beneath and generally a little outside of the base of the second 

 superior subcostal nervule ; very rarely (one, aj , out of more than forty) does it assume 

 the size of the average of the other vitreous spots ; these form a series as in most of 

 the species, composed of two sets, a subcostal and median ; the subcostal consists of 

 three or four minute spots, the upper or the lower occasionally obsolete and all some- 

 times reduced to dots, situated In the succeeding interspaces below the second superior 

 subcostal nervule and arranged iu a usually straight line, directed from the costal border 

 midway between the tip of the costal foUl ;in the J") and the tip of the wing, to the 

 middle of the outer border. Vitreous .spots are never present in the interspaces be- 

 yond the cell, and of the median set the lower is seldom present, and the upper usually 

 reduced to a mere dot in the middle of the basal two-thirds of the upper median inter- 

 space ; the spots are scarcely larger in the female than iu the male. The basal half 

 of the wing is almost entirely covered with black clouds, the exterior limitation of 

 which is ill-deflnetl, especially below, but is iu general nearly parallel to the outer 

 border, commencing above at tlie tip of the costal fold of the (J ; it is often traversed 

 below by transverse, tremulous, zigzag, indistinct, cinereous threads, or faintly discerni- 

 ble clouds, or longitudinal grayish streaks or patches ; it is very seldom that the outer 

 portion of this basal field is more iuteuse than the inner so as to give the efl'ect of an 

 intra-mesial band ; the extra-mesial band is very incon.spicnous, often noticeable only 

 from the absence of the pale fleckings ; it is nearly straight, bent or curved at the bot- 

 tom of the subcostal area, of nearly equal width and includes next its inner edge the 

 subcostal, and in the middle of its inner half the median, vitreous spots; it is composed 

 of confluent, longitudinal bars, tapering aud separate apically, forming thus an outer 

 border of a succession of arrow heads, often followed in the lower half of the wing 

 by dtiU cinereous patches; the submarginal series of spots is usually even less distinct 

 than tlie extra-mesial band and consists of more or less roundish spots, receding slightly 

 from the outer margin aud usually becoming lunate in passing downward, often wholly 

 or partially confluent into a moniliform baud, gener.ally followed outwardly by delicate, 

 hoary fleckings. The outer border is edged with Ijlack; the fringe is scarcely lighter 

 than the ground color of the wing, sparsely overlaid on the basal half with whitish 

 scales. Bi'n(Z ioings very nearly uniform, sometimes with a slight mulberry or warm 

 brownish tinge with the least possible indication of any apical spots ; when most distinct 

 they fonn but faint, cloudy, scarcely paler, roundish spots, the marginal row least 

 distinct and often wholly obsolete, the other sinuous in the upper half of the wing, 

 parallel to the outer border in the lower half, placed in the middle of the outer two- 

 thirds of the wing ; outer margin edged, generally less distinctly than on the fore wing, 

 with blackish. Fringe slightly paler brown than the ground color of the wing, a little 

 paler still, apically, and the extreme tip often whitish. 



Beneath dark, sometimes blackish fuliginous, with a very slight purplish tinge on 

 the hind wings and the costal aud outer border of the fore wings ; other parts of the 

 fore wings paling toward the inner margin, where it is pale cinereous or ochraceous, 

 or even whitish. Fore loiivjs with the vitreous spots of the upper surface exactly re- 

 peated beneath, aud often the wing is without any other marking excepting at the ex- 

 treme tip, which is lightly flecked with hoary; usually, however, there is a marginal 

 series of minute, pale ochraceous spots, enlarging slightly beneath, sometimes reduced 

 to short longitudinal lines in the middle of the interspaces; aud these markings are 

 generally accompanied by a slightly heavier and more extended gray flecking, as well 

 as by a more of less distinct submarginal series of pale, cloudy, longitudinal streaks 

 across the whole of the middle of tlie outer two-flfths of the wing; sometimes they 

 are obsolete above or a f air.t cloud overspreads the whole of this region ; outer mar- 

 gin narrowly edged with black; fringe dark, dusky brown, slightly paler at the ex- 

 treme base, rarely overlaid on basal third with hoary scales upon the upper half of the 

 wing. Hind icings with a double row of very faint pale ochraceous spots, one marginal, 



