1474 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



gular pebbles ; the holes sometimes become irregular, ragged slits. Part 

 of these notes are taken from observations made in 1861. It is a slow 

 grower ; it remains about ten days in its first stage and it is six or seven 

 weeks after hatching before the last moult is passed. After it has become 

 half grown, and I believe earlier still, it always rests in its nest with its 

 head bent at right angles to its body. 



Life history. This butterfly appears on warm, sunny hillsides early in 

 May, usually during the first week. Mr. Hambly once took it on April 30th 

 at Middleboro, Mass. According to Mr. Lintner's observations, the female 

 does not make its appearance until about ten days after the male, and both 

 are always abundant in Albany, N. Y., the male sometimes worn, by the 

 third week of jMay. Fresh specimens continue to appear until nearly the 

 end of the month, and the insect remains upon the wing, even in the 

 southernmost parts of New England, until at least the middle of June, 

 and, further north, much later ; for in the third week of this month good 

 specimens are common in the White Mountains, and I have taken several 

 specimens on the last day of the month at Williamstown, Mass. It ap- 

 pears also at just about the same season in central California and also in 

 Colorado, for to judge from dated specimens examined, specimens are 

 most abundant in the early half of June and after that are rubbed. 



The eggs of this brood appear to be rarely laid before the end of the 

 first week of June, but by the 15th they are found in abundance, and the 

 young caterpillars begin to appear ; eggs may still be found until the very 

 end of June, and thereafter throughout the season the caterpillars. These, as 

 I have said, are very slow growers, but it appears probable that some of 

 the earliest may go forward with relative rapidity to chrysalis and imago 

 the same year, for there are some scant records of a second brood ; 

 thus Sprague reports several fresh specimens captured in the vicinity of 

 Boston between July 18 and 27 ; I have myself seen (but not taken) what 

 I judged to be the same in a fresh condition at Waltham, August 3d, and in 

 the same place a very rubbed specimen probably to be referred to this species 

 on August 26 ; and I have seen poor specimens from Colorado (perhaps 

 fresh when captured), taken by Packard July 8 and from the Yellowstone, 

 July 18. 



But if this second brood exists, it must be as an exceptional thing, for I 

 have carried the earliest caterpillars I could find — and they are very easily 

 discovered — through the summer under the fiivorable conditions of the 

 house and never found any sign of accelleration ; on the contrary all alike 

 reached their final moult during July. It was not untd July 17 that the 

 fattest had become full grown and closed its nest for the winter ; the next 

 did not do so vmtil August 1 ; the others during this month, mostly before 

 the 20th, the last by September 1. Here they remained, promptly sealing 

 up every opening my curiosity made until nearly the middle of October, 



