IIESPERIDI: TIIANAOS JUVENALIS. 1485 



middle of October and, sealing uji the openings to tlieir nests, betake them- 

 selves to their winter's sleep. 



In Georgia, according to Abbot's observations, the caterpillar closes 

 its Dcst in the autumn at the beginning of October, changes to chrysalis 

 during the first week in February and remains in this state about three 

 weeks, appearing thus about two months earlier than in New England; 

 individuals of the second brood appear sometimes as early as the end of 

 June, sometimes as late as the first of September (after eight days in the 

 chrysalis) , if these dates are not rather indicative of three generations. Mr. 

 Edwards reared a male in West Virginia on May 24. 



Habits of the butterfly. The butterflies, remarks Maynard, are fond, 

 like other species of the genus, "of alighting in sunny places on the ground 

 but are constantly on the alert, instantly 'flying when approached too closely." 



When at rest with expanded wings the antennae are held parallel to the 

 body, divaricating about 135" and straight as far as the club, which is curved 

 backward and droops to an equal degree. 



Parasites. Two hymenopterous parasites have been bred from the 

 caterpillar, Apanteles flavicornis by Mr. Riley and Microdus sanctus 

 (88 ; 10) by myself. The latter was black in life, with tlie belly, hind coxae, 

 hind femora except the base, and the hind tibiae excepting apical fourth, 

 red. A female emerged about October Ist and another on October 8th. 



Desiderata. The summer history of this butterfly both north and south 

 needs careful investigation ; the proportionate numbers of the broods 

 should be stated, or whether a second generation always occurs ; the egg 

 is not certainly known and characteristics of the flight of the butterfly un- 

 described. It is highly desirable that the eggs should be obtained from a 

 known female and the larval stages followed and described afresh ; of the 

 first two stages in particular too little is known ; and they should be reared 

 in considerable numbers to see if there is any difference in the development 

 of diff^erent individuals, suflScient to account for the poverty of the second 

 brood of butterflies. 



LIST OF ILLUSTBATIONS.-THANAOS JUVENALIS. 



General. Chrysalis. 



PI. 28, fig. 7. Distribution In North America. PI. 85, fig. 33. Chrys.ilis. 



88 : 10. Microdus s.inctus, a parasite. Imago. 



Caterpillar. PI. 9, fig. 13. Male, both surfaces. 



PI. 77, fig. 2. Front view of head, stage V. 14. Female, upper surf,TCe. 



3. Side view of one segment. 36:24-27,34,35. Male abdominal appen- 



4. Front view of head, stage iv. dages. 



5. Fourth stage, side view. 41:7. Neuratlon. 



6, 10, 11. Mature caterpillars. 43 : 12. Fore wing showing open costal 



80: 30,36,42. Head, front view, stages 1-lil fold. 



82 : 1 , 2. Nests. 47 : 5. Scales of male imago. 

 86 : 48-51. Dermal appendages at birth. 



