IIESPKUIDI; TII.VNAOS MARTIALIS. 1497 



yellow; prologs greenish. Length, 32 mm. ; height, 5.5 mm. Described from Abbot' 

 ilrawings. 



Chrysalis (85 : 37). Tale pea green, paler still on the abflomen; cremaster yel- 

 lowish orange, thoracic spiracle black. Length, 22 mm. ; height, 5.5 ram. Described 

 from .Vbbot's drawings. 



Comparisous. This species differs from all the otliers In the Intensity of tlie dark 

 spots, which are free from white interior tleckings and vary in depth in different parts 

 of tlie wings ; besides they are more tlian nsnally well dellned, giving the wing a checkered 

 appearance (piite pecnliar to the species ; the vitreous spots are very small and many of 

 them frc(iuently obsolete ; its markings difler so mucli from those of all the others — 

 more than any of them from one another — that it is difllcult to say to which it is most 

 closely allied in the markings ; perhaps to brizo, but from this it can be immediately dis- 

 tinguished by the presence of vitreous spots ; porliaps to persius, but the distinctness 

 and blotchlness of its markings at once separates it; beneath it closely resembles 

 Icelus. 



Distribution (28:5). This butterfly is a member of the Alleghanian 

 and Carolinian faunas but does not seem to reach the extreme boundaries 

 of either. In the north it has been found at Albany, N. Y., "abundant" 

 (Lintncr), London, Ontario (Saimders), northern Illinois (Worthington), 

 Wisconsin (Hoy) and Iowa "abundant" (Allen), and in the south as far 

 as South Carolina (Atkinson) and Georgia (Abbot). In the west it is 

 reported from the places already mentioned and from Ohio (British Muse- 

 um), Cumberland Gap, Ky. (Dimmock), Missouri (Edwards), eastern 

 Kansas (Snow), Colorado (Morrison) and even New Mexico (Snow). 



In New England it is by no means common but has not been taken 

 north of Massachusetts ; the northernmost localities recorded are Andover, 

 one specimen (Scudder), South Hadley and Amherst (Sprague) and Am- 

 herst Notch, Mass. (Scudder) ; and the others, West Roxbury "two spec- 

 imens" (Minot), Waltham abundant (Scudder), Tewksbury (Alcott) and 

 Springfield, ]\Iass. (Emery) and New Haven, Conn. (Mus. Yale Coll.). 



Food plants. Abbot states that the caterpillar feeds upon "red shank 

 or red root" ; Dr. Chapman is unable to suggest to what plant he may 

 refer ; Ceanothus americanus Linn, and Lachnanthes tinctoria Ell. go 

 by this name in the north, but they are not very closely related to the 

 known food plants of any species of this genus ; the former, however, 

 comes between the Malvaceae, on which a European species has been found, 

 and the Leguminosae, upon which many species feed. In another manu- 

 script Abbot adds to the others, "wild indigo," and the plant figured with 

 the insect on the Boisduval drawings is Indigoferacaroliniana, a very likely 

 food plant, which must, however, be replaced by some other leguminous ( ?) 

 plant at the north. 



Life history. This butterfly is double brooded, presumably passing 

 the winter as a fuU grown larva, as it appears in the spring with other 

 species of the genus known to do so. The first butterflies appear just be- 

 fore the middle of May and continue to emerge from the chrysalis until the 

 middle of June, but the first brood, which lasts even until the middle of 



i8S 



