1516 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Scales enclosed in the costal fold of the fore wings of the male very variable in form 

 and including as special types flexilile chain-ribbons and long straight rods, besides 

 androconia mainly of two lengtlis; no forlied rods appear nor flagellate androconia. 



Legs 2, 3, \. All the femora tliinly fringed beneath with not very long hairs, on the 

 fore femora with short liairs; the middle and hind tibiae fringed a bove still more 

 thinly with pretty long hairs. Femora, 2, I, 3; tibiae, 2, 3, I ; tarsi, 2, 3, 1. Fore 

 and hind femora of equal length and two-thirds the length of the mid-femora; fore 

 tibiae hardly more than half as long as the fore femora, more than two-thirds as long 

 as the hind tibiae, and about two-thirds as long as the middle pair. Leaf-like ap- 

 pendages of fore-tibiae originating just beyond the middle of the joint, slender, a little 

 more tliau four times as long as broad, the apical half tapering and curved, extending 

 some distance beyond the tip of the tibia ; other tibiae furnished at tip beneath with a 

 pair of long, moderately stout spurs, the hind tibiae also with a precisely si milar 

 secondary pair at about the middle of the outer two-thirds. Tarsal joints, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 

 fore tarsi about two-thirds as long as those of the other legs, scarcely longer than tlie 

 middle tibiae — all with a triple row of delicate spines beneath, the apical ones of each 

 joint scarcely longer than the others ; basal joint as long as the second, third and fourth 

 together on the hind legs, scarcely longer than that on the others ; second joint half as 

 long as the first on the middle and hind legs, two-thirds as long on the fore-legs. 

 Claws small, slender, tapering, bent before the middle at a rounded right angle, beyond 

 which it is scarcely arcuate ; pad small, transverse; paronychia very slender, nearly 

 straight, equal, nearly as long as the apical portion of tlie claw. 



Upper organ of male abdominal appendages witli the centrum small, the summit de- 

 pressed, ovate, anteriorly marginate, slightly overlapping the hooks ; hooks consolidated 

 for a greater part of their course, forming a depressed lamina of nearly equal width, 

 tricuspid at the tip ; lateral arms extending far downward as in Thanaos, uniting to 

 form a horizontal triangular plate. Clasps long and rather narrow, more than three 

 times as long as broad, considerably convex, nearly equal, the superior lobe incon- 

 spicuous and nearly apical, both upper and lower apical angles produced to more or less 

 pointed and prickly loljes. 



Egg. Short, sugar-loaf shaped, broader than high, tapering from tlie very base ; the 

 lower tliree-flfths furnished witli a considerable number of but slightly elevated and 

 rather narrow vertical ribs, and tlie space between them Ijroken by frequent, straight, 

 wedge-shaped cross lines, very nearly as high as the vertical ribs; upper two-fifths of 

 the egg entirely different, every two or three of the vertical ribs uniting abruptly to 

 form an excessively coarse and irregular, rounded, vertical ridge, running to the 

 micropyle rosette, and connected by infrequent, irregular cross lines, not so high as 

 below. Micropyle rosette in a deep pit, circular, made up of a minute, circular, cen- 

 tral cell, surrounded by kite-shaped cells, and these by larger polj'gonal ones. 



Caterpillar at birth. Body furnished with several rows of long, equal, straight, 

 apically expanding bristles, arranged as follows : a laterodorsal row, one to a segment, 

 placed on the extreme anterior edge of the segment ; a supralateral row anteriorly 

 placed, one on each segment, becoming lateral on the thoracic segments ; iufralateral 

 posterior and suprastigmatal central rows, with one to each segment, and an infrastig- 

 matal central row, one to each segment. On the first thoracic segment the dorsal shield 

 is moderately conspicuous and the bristles are sliglitly longer than elsewhere, and 

 curve a little forward ; those of the head are of the same lengtli as on the body, but are 

 bluntly pointed at tip. Hooklets of the prolegs, about twenty in number, forming a 

 broad, oboval series. 



Mature caterpillar. With the general aspect of Thanaos, but much more slender. 

 Head broader than high, rounded, with a broad and blunt median uotch, each hemi- 

 sphere well rounded; as seen from the side, regularly nanowing from below upward, 

 pretty heavily rugose, covered with a moderately dense pile of branching hairs. Frontal 

 triangle nearly half as high again as broad, narrowing almost entirely in tlie upper half 

 with an arcuate margin. 



Body moderately stout, largest in the middle, and nearly equal over more than half 



