HKSPEKIDI: PHOLISORA CATULLUS. 1525 



and usually it is not until they are ono-thinl grown that they make their 

 pcriuanoiit larval haliitatiiiu.'" They arc then '"concealed in separate cases 

 formed from the leaves which are folded along the midrib, the edges being 

 fastened together by a few strong i<titehcs of white silk, at intervals of from 

 one-fourth to one-half an inch. These cases form the permanent home of 

 the larvae, the latter remaining curled up and hidden in them during the 

 day and emerging from them only at night to feed." Edwards's account is 

 as follows : — 



The youn.4; larva goes to erl2;e of its leaf, cuts in about one-tenth inch, and foUls 

 over a cornor so separated, binding it down by two or three threads. Here it lies con- 

 cealed till the lirst nionlt has passed, and feeds on the fleshy part of the leaf within the 

 fold. After first raonlt, the larva draws the leaf together by the edges, and from 

 Second moult on the hiding place is readily distinguished by the oval swelling of the 

 leaf. When about to moult the case is thickly lined with silk, and closed at every 

 point. The larvae come outside to feed and return to their cases, and feeding takes 

 place at night. Some of my examples were kept in tin boxes, and on one occasion I 

 surprised one of the larvae feeding at a <Ustance from its case; at another, one was 

 close to the opening and hastily retreatoil Into the case, tail foremost, as I opened the 

 box. They are perfectly neat in their cases, the frass being always expelled or voided 

 outside. At any time after the first stage and to maturity, on slitting a case, the larva 

 will be found lying with anterior segments bent round so that the head comes a little 

 beyond middle of body, and in nearly every instance I have found the tail toward the 

 closed end of the case. (Can. ent., xvii : 24G-247.) 



Kile}' notes that when well grown the caterpillars "draw either one larger 

 leaf or two smaller ones with the edges together and fasten them with a few 

 threads so that they make a hollow tube in which they feed in a curved posi- 

 tion." The nests I have seen were also made, sometimes of one leaf, some- 

 times of several, but by tightly sewing the edges together, leaving only the 

 hole for exit. The nests so constructed are not tubular but oval chambers 

 with much more room than is actually required by a caterpillar of the 

 size occupying it. 



The hibernating nests of the caterpillar. "Near the end of Sep- 

 tember," writes Miss Murtfeldt, in continuation of her account, the cater- 

 pillars then in cases "ceased to feed and remained within their leafy dwellings, 

 or sDuglit other secluded nooks in the breeding cage, engaged in prepa- 

 rations for the coming winter. If inside of the leaves, the latter were lined 

 with a tough, silken substance or fabric, of a brownish color, or, if outside, 

 they enclosed themselves in irregular cocoons of the same prime material, 

 which was evidently waterproof and calculated to secure the manufacturer as 

 far as was necessary from the cold, and were very different from the delicate 

 cocoons of the summer broods. Before October Ist the larvae had all 

 established themselves in winter quarters and were resigned to their -long 

 torpid rest.' 



"I found by carefully opening the cocoons from time to time (which 

 the larvae inside always closed again) that these insects remained in the 



