1578 THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Their transformations are tolerably well known for Pamphilidi. The 

 species are single brooded in the north, probable double brooded or midti- 

 ple brooded in the south and presumably hibernate iu the ehrysalis. The 

 caterpillars feed on Gramineae. 



The eggs are low, hemispherical, well domed, white or greenish white. 



The young caterpillars have a high, pyramidal, black head and white or 

 greenish white body, with dermal appendages in four rows and long re- 

 curved hairs on the last segment. The mature caterpillar is green with a 

 very high and narrow, pyramidal, longitudinally banded head, and both head 

 and body covered with awliite, wooly flocculence, renewed after each moult 

 when the skin is seen to be very delicate and transparent. 



The chrysalids are very slender and cylindrical, covered with a white 

 mealy powder, the tongue reaching the eighth abdominal segment, the front 

 of the head broadly rounded. 



E-i^CUESUS LXII.— COLOR RELATIONS OF CHRYSALIDS TO 

 THEIR SURROUNDINGS. 



This tlul) chrysalis 

 Cracks iuto shining wings, and hope ere death 

 Spreads more and more and more, that God hath now 

 Sponged and made blank of crimeful record all 

 My mortal archives. 



Tennyson.— (SJ. Simeon Stylites. 



It has long been known that there is in many instances considerable vari- 

 ation in the color of the chrysalids of certain butterflies and that in not a 

 few instances we find a dimorphism more or less accentuated. The most 

 frequent difference that has been noticed has been the prevalence on the 

 one hand of green tints, on the other of dark gray or brown. Now when 

 we recall that the commonest places chosen by caterpillars of butterflies for 

 pupation, are either amongst the foliage of the plant on which they have fed, 

 or on the other hand pendent from, or attached to, the twigs or trunks of 

 trees with their gray bark, or to stones whose general color is dark gray or 

 brown, we notice that we have here general tints of much the same con- 

 trast. When we further observe that the green color prevails in the chrys- 

 alids of those species which commonly transform upon their food plant and 

 brown or gray in those which seem to prefer the background of bark or 

 rock, we are struck at once with the protection which such resemblance 

 must afford to chrysalids in general. And this conclusion would be very 

 much strengthened were we to review the various minuter peculiarities of 

 coloring and of sculpture which one may easily find. One of the most 

 curious of these is noted by Fritz Miiller, who says that the appendages 

 on the chrysalids of Eueides, which hang horizontally on the under side of 

 leaVes, resemble the fungi wliich attack insects and which are found in pre- 

 cisely similar places. Another instance would be found in the sharp angu- 



