PAMPHIMDI: THE SPECIKS OF AMBLYSCIRTES. 1581 



the greater tlie illumination tlie lii^liter the eln-vtialids* ; dark red produced 

 dark chrysalids ; deep orange very light green c-hrysalids ; pale yellow 

 and yellowish green produced rather darker chrysalids than the orange ; 

 and bluish green much darker, while dark blue produced still darker chrys- 

 salids. 



There is tiuis seen to be a certain difference between different kinds of 

 chrysalids, as to the effect of the color of their surroundings, some being 

 decidedly affected by colors which have no influence upon others. Proba- 

 bly a careful study of the natural conditions under which pupation takes 

 place may lead to better comprehension of a fact at present not clearly 

 explainable ; and may bring other instances into harmony, as where, 

 accordintr to Fritz Miillcr, the chrvsalids of a certain one of the swallow- 

 tails, evander, are said to have both brown and green chrysalids, with no 

 intermediate forms, and both produced under identical circumstances. Our 

 own Iphiclidcs ajax, in which dimoi-phism seems to be equally distinct, 

 would serve as a good subject for experiment. 



In concluding his account of his experiments on the Pierinae, Mr. Poul- 

 ton observes (436-437) that "it must be remarked that the effect of the 

 coloured surroundings upon the dark jiigment is, perhaps, the least impor- 

 tant part of the changes produced, for there are other consequences which 

 seem to be much deeper in significance and far more difficult to under- 

 stand. The black pigment patches and minute black dots are cuticular 

 and superficial, while the ground-colours are sub-cuticular and deep-seated ; 

 and in the most brightly coloured pupae they are mixed colors due to the 

 existence of different pigmentary (and probably chlorophylloid) bodies 

 present in the different elements and at different depths of the sub-cuticu- 

 lar tissues of the same pupa. In other pupae no trace of such colors can 

 be seen. Hence we see in these most complex and varied effects of the 

 stimulus provided by the reflected light, which deepen into their per- 

 manent pupal condition very many hours after the stimulus has ceased to 

 act, the strongest evidence for the existence of a chain of physiological 

 processes almost unparalleled in intricacy and difficulty, while a theoiy of 

 comparatively simple and direct photo-chemical changes induced by the 

 stimulus itself without the intervention of such a physiological circle seems 

 entirely inadequate .as an explanation of the facts." 



Table of the species of Amhlyscirtes, based on the mature caterpillar. 



Body with no conspicuous dorsal stripe vialis. 



Body with a distinct dorsal stripe samoset. 



Table of species, based on the chrysalis. 



Body pale pea-green, tinged at the extremity with luteous \-!aIl«, 



Body yellow, tinged with green samoset. 



