171-1: THE BUTTERFLIES OF NEW EXOLAXD. 



Chrysalis. Viewed from above, broadest at the third alnlomiiial searment, tapering 

 very jrradiially forward to the basal wing tubercle, in front of whicli it is narrowed 

 rapidly to tlie anterior e.\tremity of the thora.K; protliora.\ narrower tlian tlie liead by 

 being overlapped by the antennal sheaths: front broadly and consider.al)ly rounded, 

 the eyes slightly fuller, disturbing the curve but little; posteriorly the abdomen tapers 

 much more rapidly and pretty regularly, having a somewhat conical form, to the sub- 

 triangular cremaster ; viewed laterally, the under surface of the body is nearly straight, 

 thougli sliglitly full, from the front to the tip of the wings; front sliglitly but roundly 

 angulateil below the eyes and at the extreme front in front of tlieir upper margin ; 

 dorsal curve of head and thorax uniform, gentle, highest beyond tlie middle of the 

 mesothonix; abdomen equal on the basal half, subconieal apically ; prothorax with a 

 sinuate, posterior border, the mesothorax being broadly advanced in tlie middle an- 

 teriorly, and again at the spiracles, while receding between; spiracle guards large, 

 fabiform, prominent, front edge straight, covered with exceedingly minute, conical 

 protuberances; second and third abdominal segments very long, nearly twice as long 

 as the first, the fourth nearly twice as long below as above, the wing cases reaching a 

 little beyoud Its middle; antennae with the tapering tip reaching, with the first pair of 

 legs, almost as far as the cell of the wing; the middle legs almost reaching the ex- 

 tremity of the upper wing case; the hinder legs reaching the hinder margin of the 

 fifth abdominal segment and the tongue that of the seventh abdominal segment; a 

 subdorsal anterior and supralateral post-median or posterior series of minute, ele- 

 vated, rounded or transversely oval disks on the abdominal segments, the relics of the 

 crateriform disks of the larva. Body strongly pinched on either side at the base of 

 the abdomen so as to produce, especially by a dorsal flattening, an arcuate and rather 

 prominent ridge following the whole inner margin of the wings; cremaster formed of 

 a depressed plate, thickened at the edges, which are obliquely depressed over a broad 

 field above, triangular, tapering more rapidly in the apical than the basal half, sulcate 

 both above and below, especially the latter; cremastral hooks few in number, wholly 

 apical, the stem not very long, the tip expanded and tightly curled, their hold upon 

 the silk apparently .aided by long, recumbent bristles at the base of the cremaster. 



This genus, numerous in species, is confined to eastern North America, 

 between latitude 30° and 45°, i. e., east of the Rocky Mountains from Nova 

 Scotia to Florida. It is not known on the Pacific slope. The species 

 differ from each otiier to an unusual extent, especially the lari^er, which 

 are found mostly in the south, from the smaller, which are more commonly 

 restricted to the north. Four of the species occur in New England, one 

 of them is found throughout its extent, in great abundance, while the 

 otlicrs occur only in the southern half and are relatively rare. 



The butterflies are cither of small or of rather small size, the fore wino-s 

 of the males provided with a moderately long, sometimes rather stout, discal 

 streak. The wings arc dark brown, with but slight and feeble markino-s, 

 ustially confined to a dull tawny patch on the costal border, or to a trans- 

 verse series of spots on the outer half of the fore wings. They are nearly 

 uniform below. 



The transformations of several species are known. The insects are 

 sometimes single, sometimes double brooded and all probably pass the 

 winter in the chrysalis state. The butterflies may be found flj^ing swiftly 

 about open sunny meadows. They rest with the fore and liind wings at 

 different angles. 



