NYMPHALIDAE: APATURIDI. 1793 



clothing compact, the inferior fringe double with a deep lonsritudiiial carina between, 

 fading out apically ; tlie minute apical joint scarcely longer than the width of the equal, 

 basally curving, slender second joint, the apparent size of which is doubled by its 

 dense clothing. 



Fore wings pretty strongly falcate, the costal margin with a strongly descending 

 apical curve, the apex finely pointed. Cell hardly more than two-fifths as long as the 

 wing, closed, the closing vein slight, with no recurrent nervule, largest in the middle, 

 only slightly narrowed beyond, three times as long as broad; subcostal nervure with 

 only two superior branches, the second arising far toward the apex; first inferior ner- 

 vule originating before the apex of the cell. Hind wings with both outer and anal 

 angles prominent, the former rounded, the latter rectangular, the upper median ner- 

 vule produced to a distinct, equal tail. Cell closed by a barely perceptible thread, 

 enlarging slightly just next the subcostal, which it strikes opposite a point midway 

 between the two divarications of the median nervure. 



All the legs short and stout. Fore legs clothed alike in both sexes, like the femora 

 of the other legs, the tibiae of the male half as long as the hind tibiae, the tarsi half as 

 long as the tibia, composed of a single, bluutly pointed joint. Other tarsi about as 

 long as the tibiae, the first joint equalling the next three in length, the fifth longer than 

 the second, all densely scaled above and beneath and furnished also beneath with four 

 rows of rather stout, obliquely set, not closely crowded spines, the apical ones of each 

 joint no larger than the others. Claws slender, strongly curved and finely pointed, 

 the paronychia scarcely shorter than the claws, exceedingly slender and thread like. 



Egg. Nearly spherical, a little higher than broad, somewhat flattened at base and 

 slightly depressed at top, with a few parallel horizontal series of raised points encir- 

 cling the shoulder of the egg (after Edwards). 



Caterpillar at birth. Head rounded at summit. Body cylindrical, tapering from 

 in front backward, with four longitudinal series of large tubercles, each supporting a 

 hair, three of the rows above, the fourth below the spiracles on each side (after Ed- 

 wards). 



Mature caterpillar. Head well rounded on a front view, somewhat profusely cov- 

 ered with papilliform granulations, of which three or four larger ones are clustered 

 at the top of each hemisphere. Body cylindrical, the anterior part of first thoracic 

 segment strangulated ; otherwise nearly equal in anterior half of body, tapering pos- 

 teriorly, the last segment entire and rounded posteriorly; whole body peppered with 

 subequal granulations, very bluntly rounded at tip, bearing an exceedingly brief hair; 

 segments obscurely divided into a large anterior section occupying more than half the 

 segment and two smaller, subequal posterior sections. Legs stout at base, slender 

 and short beyond ; prolegs short and stout. 



Chrysaha. Very short and stout, broader than high, transversely ridged above the 

 wings in the middle of the abdomen, the ridge extending from the anterior limit of 

 the fourth abdominal segment, at the sides, to the middle of the same on the dorsum; 

 laterally carinate from the front edge of the lower surface backward over the basal 

 wing tubercles, nearly but not quite to the hinder edge of the wings ; behind the abdom- 

 inal ridge, the abdomen tapers with exceeding rapidity to the small cremaster. the 

 face of the globular tip of which is in the plane of the under surface of the body ; this 

 last below the lateral carina is regularly convex, less strongly than the dorsal surface ; 

 mesonotum gently arched, full, above on side view rounded, tectiform ; body broadest 

 at posterior margin of the wings, tapering gently and regularly forward to the basal 

 wing tubercles, then rapidly to the narrow truncate front. 



Tliis is a tropical American type of butterfly with many species, one or 

 two of which extend into the United States, and one passes northward to 

 some distance up the valley of the Mississippi. Their robust form, warm 

 upper surface, dead leaf under surface, falcate fore wings and tailed hind 

 wings make them rather striking objects, though they show no great 

 variety or beauty of pattern. 



