NYAIPHALLDAE : APATURIDI. 1795 



scales in the middle of the costo-subcostal interspace of the hind wings, and occa- 

 sionally a similar cluster in the subcosto-median interspace, where the extra-mesial 

 dusky band crosses it; these markings are rarely seen in the female, but may be indi- 

 cated in a trifling manner. Expanse of wings, $ , 60-74 mm. ; ? , 66-78 mm. 



The following descriptions of the early stages are borrowed from W. H. Edwards, 

 with slight transpositions and alterations of terminology. 



Egg. Nearly spherical, a little higher than broad, somewhat flattened at base and 

 slightly depressed at top ; surface smooth ; crossed near the top — at about one-fifth 

 distance from top to base — by two to four parallel rows of raised points, about twenty- 

 two in the full circle; these seem to be placed in vertical lines; in some examples the 

 rows are nearer together than in others, and there is often irregularity in the number 

 or position of the points, some of the series wanting, or misplaced, in this last case 

 lying between the rows. Color pale green. 



Caterpillar. First stage. Head a little broader than first thoracic segment, rounded 

 at top, outline that of a horseshoe, the front somewhat flattened; color yellowish; 

 across the forehead a broad stripe of brown, within which are two little patches of the 

 yellow ground, one on each lobe, and the stripe bends at right angles, and narrowing 

 passes down each cheek ; in a curve about the top in front, six small tubercles, and 

 near the sutures two others, which with the second and fifth of the curved row make a 

 cross row of four. Body cylindrical, tapering from first thoracic to ninth abdominal 

 segment on dorsum and sides, the end of the ninth segment rounded ; color brown 

 green; the cross ridges on each segment studded with small, white, rounded tubercles, 

 from the top of each coming a short, fine, white hair; there are also four rows on 

 either side of large white tubercles, one to a segment, three above the spiracles, and 

 one below the spiracles, each with a short, stifi'hair; each of the basal row has a half 

 circle of small tubercles, but larger than those over the dorsum on its lower side ; under 

 side, legs and prolegs nearly as above, a shade more green ; the first, second, seventh 

 and eighth abdominal segments are crossed by two or three rows of tubercles. Dura- 

 tion of this stage three to five days. Length, 2.3 mm. 



Second stage. Head higher than broad, narrowing at upper part, depressed at suture ; 

 color of upper front greenish ; over mandibles yellow white, at the back gray green; 

 on each vertex a low, duplex, black process, the outer part larger and higher than the 

 other, each with a black, short bristle at top; at back, on either side the suture, a 

 duplex, small, yellow process, and others down the side of face at back; over the front 

 minute tubercles as at first stage, and in addition three large, conical, white tubercles 

 on either lobe, each three in triangle with base above, so arranged that four tubercles 

 cross the forehead in line. Shape of body as before ; color gray green ; the dorsum of 

 eighth and ninth abdominal segments discolored brown or blackish, and a subdorsal 

 patch of same hue on the fourth and sixth segments ; thickly covered with fine tubercles 

 as at first stage; the rows of larger tubercles as before, ivory white, bell-sliaped, 

 the hair or process from top brown or black ; the basal tubercles large, each with its 

 crescent of smaller ones, on lower side. Length, 4.6 mm. 



Third stage. Head shaped as before ; the processes on vertex larger, triplex, shining 

 black, two being in line across front, the outer one larger, the third lying behind and 

 between the others ; the back and the front face armed as before. Shape of body as 

 before; tuberculated as before; color gray brown, discolored on posterior segments 

 as before. Length, 6.3 mm. 



Fourth stage. Head as at last previous stage, the front greenish black, the vertex 

 processes black ; of the four cones across front the outside ones were black, the 

 others white with brown rings at base. Shape, armature and color of body as before ; 

 there is much variation in the extent of the black ; on one example the second and 

 seventh abdominal segments were quite black dorsally, on sides of the fourth and fifth 

 ten black patches, on sides of the second and third thoracic and first abdominal 

 segments paler black; another was pale black on the eighth and ninth abdominal seg- 

 ments, a very little of same on the first and second, and the sides of the fourth to 

 sixth abdominal segments pale black. Length, 8.6 mm. 



